부산대학교 도서관

Swanton, Charles; Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam; Veeriah, Selvaraju; Shafi, Seema; Czyzewska-Khan, Justyna; Johnson, Diana; Laycock, Joanne; Bosshard-Carter, Leticia; Rosenthal, Rachel; Gorman, Pat; Hynds, Robert E.; Wilson, Gareth; Birkbak, Nicolai J.; Watkins, Thomas B.K.; McGranahan, Nicholas; Horswell, Stuart; Mitter, Richard; Escudero, Mickael; Stewart, Aengus; Van Loo, Peter; Rowan, Andrew; Xu, Hang; Turajlic, Samra; Hiley, Crispin; Abbosh, Christopher; Goldman, Jacki; Stone, Richard Kevin; Denner, Tamara; Matthews, Nik; Elgar, Greg; Ward, Sophia; Costa, Marta; Begum, Sharmin; Phillimore, Ben; Chambers, Tim; Nye, Emma; Graca, Sofia; Al Bakir, Maise; Joshi, Kroopa; Furness, Andrew; Ben Aissa, Assma; Wong, Yien Ning Sophia; Georgiou, Andy; Quezada, Sergio; Hartley, John A.; Lowe, Helen L.; Herrero, Javier; Lawrence, David; Hayward, Martin; Panagiotopoulos, Nikolaos; Kolvekar, Shyam; Falzon, Mary; Borg, Elaine; Marafioti, Teresa; Simeon, Celia; Hector, Gemma; Smith, Amy; Aranda, Marie; Novelli, Marco; Oukrif, Dahmane; Janes, Sam M.; Thakrar, Ricky; Forster, Martin; Ahmad, Tanya; Lee, Siow Ming; Papadatos-Pastos, Dionysis; Carnell, Dawn; Mendes, Ruheena; George, Jeremy; Navani, Neal; Ahmed, Asia; Taylor, Magali; Choudhary, Junaid; Summers, Yvonne; Califano, Raffaele; Taylor, Paul; Shah, Rajesh; Krysiak, Piotr; Rammohan, Kendadai; Fontaine, Eustace; Booton, Richard; Evison, Matthew; Crosbie, Phil; Moss, Stuart; Idries, Faiza; Joseph, Leena; Bishop, Paul; Chaturved, Anshuman; Quinn, Anne Marie; Doran, Helen; Leek, Angela; Harrison, Phil; Moore, Katrina; Waddington, Rachael; Novasio, Juliette; Blackhall, Fiona; Rogan, Jane; Smith, Elaine; Dive, Caroline; Tugwood, Jonathan; Brady, Ged; Rothwell, Dominic G.; Chemi, Francesca; Pierce, Jackie; Gulati, Sakshi; Naidu, Babu; Langman, Gerald; Trotter, Simon; Bellamy, Mary; Bancroft, Hollie; Kerr, Amy; Kadiri, Salma; Webb, Joanne; Middleton, Gary; Djearaman, Madava; Fennell, Dean; Shaw, Jacqui A.; Le Quesne, John; Moore, David; Nakas, Apostolos; Rathinam, Sridhar; Monteiro, William; Marshall, Hilary; Nelson, Louise; Bennett, Jonathan; Riley, Joan; Primrose, Lindsay; Martinson, Luke; Anand, Girija; Khan, Sajid; Amadi, Anita; Nicolson, Marianne; Kerr, Keith; Palmer, Shirley; Remmen, Hardy; Miller, Joy; Buchan, Keith; Chetty, Mahendran; Gomersall, Lesley; Lester, Jason; Edwards, Alison; Morgan, Fiona; Adams, Haydn; Davies, Helen; Kornaszewska, Malgorzata; Attanoos, Richard; Lock, Sara; Verjee, Azmina; MacKenzie, Mairead; Wilcox, Maggie; Bell, Harriet; Hackshaw, Allan; Ngai, Yenting; Smith, Sean; Gower, Nicole; Ottensmeier, Christian; Chee, Serena; Johnson, Benjamin; Alzetani, Aiman; Shaw, Emily; Lim, Eric; De Sousa, Paulo; Barbosa, Monica Tavares; Bowman, Alex; Jordan, Simon; Rice, Alexandra; Raubenheimer, Hilgardt; Proli, Chiara; Cufari, Maria Elena; Ronquillo, John Carlo; Kwayie, Angela; Bhayani, Harshil; Hamilton, Morag; Bakar, Yusura; Mensah, Natalie; Ambrose, Lyn; Devaraj, Anand; Buderi, Silviu; Finch, Jonathan; Azcarate, Leire; Chavan, Hema; Green, Sophie; Mashinga, Hillaria; Nicholson, Andrew G.; Lau, Kelvin; Sheaff, Michael; Schmid, Peter; Conibear, John; Ezhil, Veni; Ismail, Babikir; Irvin-sellers, Melanie; Prakash, Vineet; Russell, Peter; Light, Teresa; Horey, Tracey; Danson, Sarah; Bury, Jonathan; Edwards, John; Hill, Jennifer; Matthews, Sue; Kitsanta, Yota; Suvarna, Kim; Fisher, Patricia; Keerio, Allah Dino; Shackcloth, Michael; Gosney, John; Postmus, Pieter; Feeney, Sarah; Asante-Siaw, Julius; Aerts, Hugo J.W.L.; Dentro, Stefan; Dessimoz, Christophe; Hiley, Crispin T. ; Rowan, Andrew J. ; Wilson, Gareth A.

In Cell 30 November 2017 171(6):1259-1271

Nadaf, Asmanaz; Telugu, Ramesh Babu; Niaz, Zahida; Al Haddabi, Ibrahim Hassan; Ismail, Babikir; Al-Shaibi, Maha; Itkin, Boris; Rassou, Salim Chaib; Munir, Javeria

Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology; Jun2024, Vol. 15 Issue 2, p414-419, 6p

Spain, Lavinia; Wotherspoon, Andrew; Francis, Nicholas; Smith, Myles; Strauss, Dirk; Hayes, Andrew; Soultati, Aspasia; Stares, Mark; Lynch, Joanna; Fotiadis, Nicos; Fernando, Archana; Hazell, Steve; Chandra, Ashish; Pickering, Lisa; Rudman, Sarah; Chowdhury, Simon; Swanton, Charles; Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam; Veeriah, Selvaraju; Shafi, Seema; Czyzewska-Khan, Justyna; Johnson, Diana; Laycock, Joanne; Bosshard-Carter, Leticia; Goh, Gerald; Rosenthal, Rachel; Gorman, Pat; Murugaesu, Nirupa; Hynds, Robert E.; Wilson, Gareth; Birkbak, Nicolai J.; Watkins, Thomas B.K.; McGranahan, Nicholas; Horswell, Stuart; Mitter, Richard; Escudero, Mickael; Stewart, Aengus; Van Loo, Peter; Rowan, Andrew; Xu, Hang; Turajlic, Samra; Hiley, Crispin; Abbosh, Christopher; Goldman, Jacki; Stone, Richard Kevin; Denner, Tamara; Matthews, Nik; Elgar, Greg; Ward, Sophia; Biggs, Jennifer; Costa, Marta; Begum, Sharmin; Phillimore, Ben; Chambers, Tim; Nye, Emma; Graca, Sofia; Al Bakir, Maise; Hartley, John A.; Lowe, Helen L.; Herrero, Javier; Lawrence, David; Hayward, Martin; Panagiotopoulos, Nikolaos; Kolvekar, Shyam; Falzon, Mary; Borg, Elaine; Simeon, Celia; Hector, Gemma; Smith, Amy; Aranda, Marie; Novelli, Marco; Oukrif, Dahmane; Janes, Sam M.; Thakrar, Ricky; Forster, Martin; Ahmad, Tanya; Lee, Siow Ming; Papadatos-Pastos, Dionysis; Carnell, Dawn; Mendes, Ruheena; George, Jeremy; Navani, Neal; Ahmed, Asia; Taylor, Magali; Choudhary, Junaid; Summers, Yvonne; Califano, Raffaele; Taylor, Paul; Shah, Rajesh; Krysiak, Piotr; Rammohan, Kendadai; Fontaine, Eustace; Booton, Richard; Evison, Matthew; Crosbie, Phil; Moss, Stuart; Idries, Faiza; Joseph, Leena; Bishop, Paul; Chaturved, Anshuman; Quinn, Anne Marie; Doran, Helen; Leek, Angela; Harrison, Phil; Moore, Katrina; Waddington, Rachael; Novasio, Juliette; Blackhall, Fiona; Rogan, Jane; Smith, Elaine; Dive, Caroline; Tugwood, Jonathan; Brady, Ged; Rothwell, Dominic G.; Chemi, Francesca; Pierce, Jackie; Gulati, Sakshi; Naidu, Babu; Langman, Gerald; Trotter, Simon; Bellamy, Mary; Bancroft, Hollie; Kerr, Amy; Kadiri, Salma; Webb, Joanne; Middleton, Gary; Djearaman, Madava; Fennell, Dean; Shaw, Jacqui A.; Le Quesne, John; Moore, David; Nakas, Apostolos; Rathinam, Sridhar; Monteiro, William; Marshall, Hilary; Nelson, Louise; Bennett, Jonathan; Riley, Joan; Primrose, Lindsay; Martinson, Luke; Anand, Girija; Khan, Sajid; Amadi, Anita; Nicolson, Marianne; Kerr, Keith; Palmer, Shirley; Remmen, Hardy; Miller, Joy; Buchan, Keith; Chetty, Mahendran; Gomersall, Lesley; Lester, Jason; Edwards, Alison; Morgan, Fiona; Adams, Haydn; Davies, Helen; Kornaszewska, Malgorzata; Attanoos, Richard; Lock, Sara; Verjee, Azmina; MacKenzie, Mairead; Wilcox, Maggie; Bell, Harriet; Iles, Natasha; Hackshaw, Allan; Ngai, Yenting; Smith, Sean; Gower, Nicole; Ottensmeier, Christian; Chee, Serena; Johnson, Benjamin; Alzetani, Aiman; Shaw, Emily; Lim, Eric; De Sousa, Paulo; Barbosa, Monica Tavares; Bowman, Alex; Jorda, Simon; Rice, Alexandra; Raubenheimer, Hilgardt; Proli, Chiara; Cufari, Maria Elena; Ronquillo, John Carlo; Kwayie, Angela; Bhayani, Harshil; Hamilton, Morag; Bakar, Yusura; Mensah, Natalie; Ambrose, Lyn; Devaraj, Anand; Buderi, Silviu; Finch, Jonathan; Azcarate, Leire; Chavan, Hema; Green, Sophie; Mashinga, Hillaria; Nicholson, Andrew G.; Lau, Kelvin; Sheaff, Michael; Schmid, Peter; Conibear, John; Ezhil, Veni; Ismail, Babikir; Irvin-sellers, Melanie; Prakash, Vineet; Russell, Peter; Light, Teresa; Horey, Tracey; Danson, Sarah; Bury, Jonathan; Edwards, John; Hill, Jennifer; Matthews, Sue; Kitsanta, Yota; Suvarna, Kim; Fisher, Patricia; Keerio, Allah Dino; Shackcloth, Michael; Gosney, John; Postmus, Pieter; Feeney, Sarah; Asante-Siaw, Julius; Arce Vargas, Frederick ; Furness, Andrew J.S. ; Solomon, Isabelle ; Joshi, Kroopa ; Mekkaoui, Leila ; Lesko, Marta H. ; Miranda Rota, Enrique ; Dahan, Rony ; Georgiou, Andrew ; Sledzinska, Anna ; Ben Aissa, Assma ; Franz, Dafne ; Werner Sunderland, Mariana ; Wong, Yien Ning Sophia ; Henry, Jake Y. ; O’Brien, Tim ; Nicol, David ; Challacombe, Ben ; Beers, Stephen A. ; Gore, Martin ; Larkin, James ; Chester, Kerry A. ; Pule, Martin ; Ravetch, Jeffrey V. ; Marafioti, Teresa ; Peggs, Karl S. ; Quezada, Sergio A.

In Immunity 18 April 2017 46(4):577-586

Abbosh, Christopher; Birkbak, Nicolai J.; Wilson, Gareth A.; Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam; Constantin, Tudor; Salari, Raheleh; Le Quesne, John; Moore, David A.; Veeriah, Selvaraju; Rosenthal, Rachel; Marafioti, Teresa; Kirkizlar, Eser; Watkins, Thomas B. K.; McGranahan, Nicholas; Ward, Sophia; Martinson, Luke; Riley, Joan; Fraioli, Francesco; Al Bakir, Maise; Grnroos, Eva; Zambrana, Francisco; Endozo, Raymondo; Bi, Wenya Linda; Fennessy, Fiona M.; Sponer, Nicole; Johnson, Diana; Laycock, Joanne; Shafi, Seema; Czyzewska-Khan, Justyna; Rowan, Andrew; Chambers, Tim; Matthews, Nik; Turajlic, Samra; Hiley, Crispin; Lee, Siow Ming; Forster, Martin D.; Ahmad, Tanya; Falzon, Mary; Borg, Elaine; Lawrence, David; Hayward, Martin; Kolvekar, Shyam; Panagiotopoulos, Nikolaos; Janes, Sam M.; Thakrar, Ricky; Ahmed, Asia; Blackhall, Fiona; Summers, Yvonne; Hafez, Dina; Naik, Ashwini; Ganguly, Apratim; Kareht, Stephanie; Shah, Rajesh; Joseph, Leena; Marie Quinn, Anne; Crosbie, Phil A.; Naidu, Babu; Middleton, Gary; Langman, Gerald; Trotter, Simon; Nicolson, Marianne; Remmen, Hardy; Kerr, Keith; Chetty, Mahendran; Gomersall, Lesley; Fennell, Dean A.; Nakas, Apostolos; Rathinam, Sridhar; Anand, Girija; Khan, Sajid; Russell, Peter; Ezhil, Veni; Ismail, Babikir; Irvin-Sellers, Melanie; Prakash, Vineet; Lester, Jason F.; Kornaszewska, Malgorzata; Attanoos, Richard; Adams, Haydn; Davies, Helen; Oukrif, Dahmane; Akarca, Ayse U.; Hartley, John A.; Lowe, Helen L.; Lock, Sara; Iles, Natasha; Bell, Harriet; Ngai, Yenting; Elgar, Greg; Szallasi, Zoltan; Schwarz, Roland F.; Herrero, Javier; Stewart, Aengus; Quezada, Sergio A.; Peggs, Karl S.; Van Loo, Peter; Dive, Caroline; Lin, C. Jimmy; Rabinowitz, Matthew; Aerts, Hugo J. W. L.; Hackshaw, Allan; Shaw, Jacqui A.; Zimmermann, Bernhard G.; Swanton, Charles; Bosshard-Carter, Leticia; Goh, Gerald; Gorman, Pat; Murugaesu, Nirupa; Hynds, Robert E.; Horswell, Stuart; Bakir, Maise Al; Mitter, Richard; Escudero, Mickael; Xu, Hang; Goldman, Jacki; Stone, Richard Kevin; Denner, Tamara; Biggs, Jennifer; Costa, Marta; Begum, Sharmin; Phillimore, Ben; Nye, Emma; Graca, Sofia; Joshi, Kroopa; Furness, Andrew; Ben Aissa, Assma; Wong, Yien Ning Sophia; Georgiou, Andy; Simeon, Celia; Hector, Gemma; Smith, Amy; Aranda, Marie; Novelli, Marco; Papadatos-Pastos, Dionysis; Carnell, Dawn; Mendes, Ruheena; George, Jeremy; Navani, Neal; Taylor, Magali; Choudhary, Junaid; Califano, Raffaele; Taylor, Paul; Krysiak, Piotr; Rammohan, Kendadai; Fontaine, Eustace; Booton, Richard; Evison, Matthew; Moss, Stuart; Idries, Faiza; Bishop, Paul; Chaturvedi, Anshuman; Quinn, Anne Marie; Doran, Helen; Leek, Angela; Harrison, Phil; Moore, Katrina; Waddington, Rachael; Novasio, Juliette; Rogan, Jane; Smith, Elaine; Tugwood, Jonathan; Brady, Ged; Rothwell, Dominic G.; Chemi, Francesca; Pierce, Jackie; Gulati, Sakshi; Bellamy, Mary; Bancroft, Hollie; Kerr, Amy; Kadiri, Salma; Webb, Joanne; Djearaman, Madava; Quesne, John Le; Thomas, Anne; Walter, Harriet; Monteiro, William; Marshall, Hilary; Nelson, Louise; Bennett, Jonathan; Primrose, Lindsay; Amadi, Anita; Palmer, Shirley; Miller, Joy; Buchan, Keith; Edwards, Alison; Morgan, Fiona; Verjee, Azmina; MacKenzie, Mairead; Wilcox, Maggie; Smith, Sean; Gower, Nicole; Ottensmeier, Christian; Chee, Serena; Johnson, Benjamin; Alzetani, Aiman; Shaw, Emily; Lim, Eric; De Sousa, Paulo; Barbosa, Monica Tavares; Bowman, Alex; Jordan, Simon; Rice, Alexandra; Raubenheimer, Hilgardt; Proli, Chiara; Cufari, Maria Elena; Ronquillo, John Carlo; Kwayie, Angela; Bhayani, Harshil; Hamilton, Morag; Bakar, Yusura; Mensah, Natalie; Ambrose, Lyn; Devaraj, Anand; Buderi, Silviu; Finch, Jonathan; Azcarate, Leire; Chavan, Hema; Green, Sophie; Mashinga, Hillaria; Nicholson, Andrew G.; Lau, Kelvin; Sheaff, Michael; Schmid, Peter; Conibear, John; Light, Teresa; Horey, Tracey; Danson, Sarah; Bury, Jonathan; Edwards, John; Hill, Jennifer; Matthews, Sue; Kitsanta, Yota; Suvarna, Kim; Fisher, Patricia; Keerio, Allah Dino; Shackcloth, Michael; Gosney, John; Postmus, Pieter; Feeney, Sarah; Asante-Siaw, Julius; Dentro, Stefan; Dessimoz, Christophe

Nature. May 25, 2017, Vol. 545 Issue 7655, p446, 6 p.

Abbosh, Christopher; Birkbak, Nicolai J.; Wilson, Gareth A.; Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam; Constantin, Tudor; Salari, Raheleh; Le Quesne, John; Moore, David A.; Veeriah, Selvaraju; Rosenthal, Rachel; Marafioti, Teresa; Kirkizlar, Eser; Watkins, Thomas B. K.; McGranahan, Nicholas; Ward, Sophia; Martinson, Luke; Riley, Joan; Fraioli, Francesco; Al Bakir, Maise; Grnroos, Eva; Zambrana, Francisco; Endozo, Raymondo; Bi, Wenya Linda; Fennessy, Fiona M.; Sponer, Nicole; Johnson, Diana; Laycock, Joanne; Shafi, Seema; Czyzewska-Khan, Justyna; Rowan, Andrew; Chambers, Tim; Matthews, Nik; Turajlic, Samra; Hiley, Crispin; Lee, Siow Ming; Forster, Martin D.; Ahmad, Tanya; Falzon, Mary; Borg, Elaine; Lawrence, David; Hayward, Martin; Kolvekar, Shyam; Panagiotopoulos, Nikolaos; Janes, Sam M.; Thakrar, Ricky; Ahmed, Asia; Blackhall, Fiona; Summers, Yvonne; Hafez, Dina; Naik, Ashwini; Ganguly, Apratim; Kareht, Stephanie; Shah, Rajesh; Joseph, Leena; Quinn, Anne Marie; Crosbie, Phil A.; Naidu, Babu; Middleton, Gary; Langman, Gerald; Trotter, Simon; Nicolson, Marianne; Remmen, Hardy; Kerr, Keith; Chetty, Mahendran; Gomersall, Lesley; Fennell, Dean A.; Nakas, Apostolos; Rathinam, Sridhar; Anand, Girija; Khan, Sajid; Russell, Peter; Ezhil, Veni; Ismail, Babikir; Irvin-Sellers, Melanie; Prakash, Vineet; Lester, Jason F.; Kornaszewska, Malgorzata; Attanoos, Richard; Adams, Haydn; Davies, Helen; Oukrif, Dahmane; Akarca, Ayse U.; Hartley, John A.; Lowe, Helen L.; Lock, Sara; Iles, Natasha; Bell, Harriet; Ngai, Yenting; Elgar, Greg; Szallasi, Zoltan; Schwarz, Roland F.; Herrero, Javier; Stewart, Aengus; Quezada, Sergio A.; Peggs, Karl S.; Van Loo, Peter; Dive, Caroline; Lin, C. Jimmy; Rabinowitz, Matthew; Aerts, Hugo J. W. L.; Hackshaw, Allan; Shaw, Jacqui A.; Zimmermann, Bernhard G.; Swanton, Charles

Nature. February 8, 2018, Vol. 554 Issue 7691, p264.

Jamal-Hanjani M; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Wilson GA; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; McGranahan N; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Birkbak NJ; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Watkins TBK; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Veeriah S; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Shafi S; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Johnson DH; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Mitter R; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Rosenthal R; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Salm M; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Horswell S; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Escudero M; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Matthews N; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Rowan A; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Chambers T; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Moore DA; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Turajlic S; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Xu H; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Lee SM; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Forster MD; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Ahmad T; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Hiley CT; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Abbosh C; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Falzon M; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Borg E; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Marafioti T; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Lawrence D; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Hayward M; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Kolvekar S; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Panagiotopoulos N; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Janes SM; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Thakrar R; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Ahmed A; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Blackhall F; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Summers Y; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Shah R; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Joseph L; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Quinn AM; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Crosbie PA; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Naidu B; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Middleton G; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Langman G; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Trotter S; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Nicolson M; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Remmen H; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Kerr K; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Chetty M; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Gomersall L; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Fennell DA; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Nakas A; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Rathinam S; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Anand G; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Khan S; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Russell P; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Ezhil V; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Ismail B; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Irvin-Sellers M; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Prakash V; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Lester JF; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Kornaszewska M; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Attanoos R; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Adams H; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Davies H; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Dentro S; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Taniere P; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; O'Sullivan B; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Lowe HL; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Hartley JA; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Iles N; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Bell H; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Ngai Y; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Shaw JA; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Herrero J; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Szallasi Z; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Schwarz RF; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Stewart A; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Quezada SA; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Le Quesne J; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Van Loo P; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Dive C; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Hackshaw A; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).; Swanton C; From the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence (M.J.-H., G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., S.V., S.S., D.H.J., R.R., S.-M.L., M.D.F., C.A., S.M.J., C.D., C.S.), London and Manchester, Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Facility, University College London (UCL) Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (H.L.L., J.A.H.), Bill Lyons Informatics Centre (J.H.), and Cancer Immunology Unit (S.A.Q.), UCL Cancer Institute, the Translational Cancer Therapeutics Laboratory (G.A.W., N. McGranahan, N.J.B., T.B.K.W., A.R., T.C., S. Turajlic, H.X., C.T.H., C.S.), Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics (R.M., M.S., S.H., M.E., A.S.), Advanced Sequencing Facility (N. Matthews), and Cancer Genomics Laboratory (S.D., P.V.L.), Francis Crick Institute, the Renal and Skin Units, Royal Marsden Hospital (S. Turajlic), the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.J.-H., S.-M.L., M.D.F., T.A., C.A., C.S.), Pathology (M.F., E.B., T.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.L., M.H., S. Kolvekar, N.P.), Respiratory Medicine (S.M.J., R.T.), and Radiology (A.A.), UCL Hospitals, Lungs for Living, UCL Respiratory, UCL (S.M.J.), the Department of Radiotherapy, North Middlesex University Hospital (G.A.), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Hospital (S. Khan), and UCL Cancer Research UK and Cancer Trials Centre (N.I., H.B., Y.N., A.H.), London, Cancer Studies, University of Leicester (D.A.M., D.A.F., J.A.S., J.L.Q.), the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Glenfield Hospital (A.N., S.R.), and the Medical Research Center Toxicology Unit (J.L.Q.), Leicester, the Institute of Cancer Studies, University of Manchester (F.B.), the Christie Hospital (F.B., Y.S.), the Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery (R.S.) and Pathology (L.J., A.M.Q.) and the North West Lung Centre (P.A.C.), University Hospital of South Manchester, and Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (C.D.), Manchester, the Departments of Thoracic Surgery (B.N.) and Cellular Pathology (G.L., S. Trotter), Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Services, Queen Elizabeth Hospital (P.T., B.O.), and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham (G.M.), Birmingham, the Departments of Medical Oncology (M.N.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.R.), Pathology (K.K.), Respiratory Medicine (M.C.), and Radiology (L.G.), Aberdeen University Medical School and Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barnet and Chase Farm Hospitals, Barnet (S. Khan), the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow (P.R.), the Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Luke's Cancer Centre, Guildford (V.E.), the Departments of Pathology (B.I.), Respiratory Medicine (M.I.-S.), and Radiology (V.P.), Ashford and St. Peters' Hospitals, Surrey, the Department of Clinical Oncology, Velindre Hospital (J.F.L.), the Departments of Radiology (H.A.) and Respiratory Medicine (H.D.), University Hospital Llandough, the Departments of Pathology (R.A.) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (M.K.), University Hospital of Wales, and Cardiff University (R.A.), Cardiff, and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, and Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford (S.D.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (Z.S.); the Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (Z.S.); MTA-SE-NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (Z.S.); Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin (R.F.S.); and the Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (P.V.L.).

Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0255562 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1533-4406 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00284793 NLM ISO Abbreviation: N Engl J Med Subsets: MEDLINE