부산대학교 도서관

Particulates from chimneys of different factories, vehicular emissions, soil particles, and leaf depositions were investigated with microscopy and analyzed with an energy-dispersive X-ray microanalyzer (EDX). Based on morphological features, we grouped the particulates into 5 major categories: black smoke and fluffy ash, cottony mass, metal gravel, colored granule cluster, and powder or crystal. Black smoke and fluffy ash were major particulates from different factories, and carbon (C) and silica (Si) were the main elements of these particulates. Sulfur (S), aluminum (Al), and calcium (Ca) were minor component elements of the black smoke and fluffy ash. The cottony mass, consisting mainly of carbon, was a major type from vehicular emissions. Iron (Fe) and oxygen (O) were the main elements of the metal gravel particulates characteristic of steel and machinery factories. Colored granule clusters were observed in samples from incinerators and steel factories; these samples primarily contained carbon and sulfur, but minor amounts of vanadium (V) and titanium (Ti) were also present. Powder was the major particulate type in samples of oil refineries, construction materials factories, and soil particles. The main elements of soil particles and construction materials factories were Si, Al, and O, while S was the main element of oil refineries. Leaf depositions on plants around cement, steel, painting or electroplating factories could be related to the pollution sources by morphological features and elemental compositions. Leaf depositions on plants surrounding the cement factory contained Ca, and those bordering the electroplating factory contained copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni). Our data demonstrate that leaf depositions can provide useful information in tracing pollution sources and evaluating impacts of pollution.