학술논문

Observation of seasonal variations of the flux of high-energy atmospheric neutrinos with IceCube
Document Type
article
Author
R. AbbasiM. AckermannJ. AdamsS. K. AgarwallaN. AggarwalJ. A. AguilarM. AhlersJ. M. AlameddineN. M. AminK. AndeenG. AntonC. ArgüellesY. AshidaS. AthanasiadouS. N. AxaniX. BaiA. Balagopal V.M. BaricevicS. W. BarwickV. BasuR. BayJ. J. BeattyK.-H. BeckerJ. Becker TjusJ. BeiseC. BellenghiS. BenZviD. BerleyE. BernardiniD. Z. BessonG. BinderD. BindigE. BlaufussS. BlotF. BontempoJ. Y. BookJ. BorowkaC. Boscolo MeneguoloS. BöserO. BotnerJ. BöttcherE. BourbeauJ. BraunB. BrinsonJ. Brostean-KaiserR. T. BurleyR. S. BusseD. ButterfieldM. A. CampanaK. CarloniE. G. Carnie-BroncaS. ChattopadhyayC. ChenZ. ChenD. ChirkinS. ChoiB. A. ClarkL. ClassenA. ColemanG. H. CollinA. ConnollyJ. M. ConradP. CoppinP. CorreaS. CountrymanD. F. CowenC. DappenP. DaveC. De ClercqJ. J. DeLaunayD. Delgado LópezH. DembinskiS. DengK. DeoskarA. DesaiP. DesiatiK. D. de VriesG. de WasseigeT. DeYoungA. DiazJ. C. Díaz-VélezM. DittmerA. DomiH. DujmovicM. A. DuVernoisT. EhrhardtP. EllerR. EngelH. ErpenbeckJ. EvansP. A. EvensonK. L. FanK. FangA. R. FazelyA. FedynitchN. FeiglS. FiedlschusterC. FinleyL. FischerD. FoxA. FranckowiakE. FriedmanA. FritzP. FürstT. K. GaisserJ. GallagherE. GansterA. GarciaS. GarrappaL. GerhardtA. GhadimiC. GlaserT. GlauchT. GlüsenkampN. GoehlkeJ. G. GonzalezS. GoswamiD. GrantS. J. GrayS. GriffinS. GriswoldC. GüntherP. GutjahrC. HaackA. HallgrenR. HallidayL. HalveF. HalzenH. HamdaouiM. Ha MinhK. HansonJ. HardinA. A. HarnischP. HatchA. HaungsS. HauserK. HelbingJ. HellrungF. HenningsenL. HeuermannS. HickfordA. HidvegiC. HillG. C. HillK. D. HoffmanK. HoshinaW. HouT. HuberK. HultqvistM. HünnefeldR. HussainK. HymonS. InN. IovineA. IshiharaM. JacquartM. JanssonG. S. JaparidzeK. JayakumarM. JeongM. JinB. J. P. JonesD. KangW. KangX. KangA. KappesD. KappesserL. KardumT. KargM. KarlA. KarleU. KatzM. KauerJ. L. KelleyA. Khatee ZathulA. KheirandishK. KinJ. KirylukS. R. KleinA. KochockiR. KoiralaH. KolanoskiT. KontrimasL. KöpkeC. KopperD. J. KoskinenP. KoundalM. KovacevichM. KowalskiT. KozynetsK. KruiswijkE. KrupczakA. KumarE. KunN. KurahashiN. LadC. Lagunas GualdaM. LamoureuxM. J. LarsonF. LauberJ. P. LazarJ. W. LeeK. Leonard DeHoltonA. LeszczyńskaM. LincettoQ. R. LiuM. LiubarskaE. LohfinkC. LoveC. J. Lozano MariscalL. LuF. LucarelliA. LudwigW. LuszczakY. LyuW. Y. MaJ. MadsenK. B. M. MahnY. MakinoS. MancinaW. Marie SainteI. C. MarişS. MarkaZ. MarkaM. MarseeI. Martinez-SolerR. MaruyamaF. MayhewT. McElroyF. McNallyJ. V. MeadK. MeagherS. MechbalA. MedinaM. MeierS. Meighen-BergerY. MerckxL. MertenJ. MicallefD. MocklerT. MontaruliR. W. MooreY. MoriiR. MorseM. MoulaiT. MukherjeeR. NaabR. NagaiM. NakosU. NaumannJ. NeckerM. NeumannH. NiederhausenM. U. NisaA. NoellS. C. NowickiA. Obertacke PollmannM. OehlerB. OeyenA. OlivasR. OrsoeJ. OsbornE. O’SullivanH. PandyaN. ParkG. K. ParkerE. N. PaudelL. PaulC. Pérez de los HerosJ. PetersonS. PhilippenS. PieperA. PizzutoM. PlumY. PopovychM. Prado RodriguezB. PriesR. Procter-MurphyG. T. PrzybylskiC. RaabJ. Rack-HelleisK. RawlinsZ. RechavA. RehmanP. ReichherzerG. RenziE. ResconiS. ReuschW. RhodeM. RichmanB. RiedelE. J. RobertsS. RobertsonS. RodanG. RoellinghoffM. RongenC. RottT. RuheL. RuohanD. RyckboschI. SafaJ. SafferD. Salazar-GallegosP. SampathkumarS. E. Sanchez HerreraA. SandrockM. SantanderS. SarkarJ. SavelbergP. SavinaM. SchaufelH. SchielerS. SchindlerB. SchlüterT. SchmidtJ. SchneiderF. G. SchröderL. SchumacherG. SchweferS. SclafaniD. SeckelS. SeunarineA. SharmaS. ShefaliN. ShimizuM. SilvaB. SkrzypekB. SmithersR. SnihurJ. SoedingreksoA. SøgaardD. SoldinG. SommaniC. SpannfellnerG. M. SpiczakC. SpieringM. StamatikosT. StanevR. SteinT. StezelbergerT. StürwaldT. StuttardG. W. SullivanI. TaboadaS. Ter-AntonyanW. G. ThompsonJ. ThwaitesS. TilavK. TollefsonC. TönnisS. ToscanoD. TosiA. TrettinC. F. TungR. TurcotteJ. P. TwagirayezuB. TyM. A. Unland ElorrietaA. K. UpadhyayK. UpshawN. Valtonen-MattilaJ. VandenbrouckeN. van EijndhovenD. VanneromJ. van SantenJ. VaraJ. Veitch-MichaelisM. VenugopalS. VerpoestD. VeskeC. WalckT. B. WatsonC. WeaverP. WeigelA. WeindlJ. WeldertC. WendtJ. WerthebachM. WeyrauchN. WhitehornC. H. WiebuschN. WilleyD. R. WilliamsM. WolfG. WredeJ. WulffX. W. XuJ. P. YanezE. YildizciS. YoshidaF. YuS. YuT. YuanZ. ZhangP. ZhelninIceCube Collaboration
Source
European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields, Vol 83, Iss 9, Pp 1-16 (2023)
Subject
Astrophysics
QB460-466
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity
QC770-798
Language
English
ISSN
1434-6052
Abstract
Abstract Atmospheric muon neutrinos are produced by meson decays in cosmic-ray-induced air showers. The flux depends on meteorological quantities such as the air temperature, which affects the density of air. Competition between decay and re-interaction of those mesons in the first particle production generations gives rise to a higher neutrino flux when the air density in the stratosphere is lower, corresponding to a higher temperature. A measurement of a temperature dependence of the atmospheric $$\nu _{\mu }$$ ν μ flux provides a novel method for constraining hadronic interaction models of air showers. It is particularly sensitive to the production of kaons. Studying this temperature dependence for the first time requires a large sample of high-energy neutrinos as well as a detailed understanding of atmospheric properties. We report the significant ( $$> 10 \; \sigma $$ > 10 σ ) observation of a correlation between the rate of more than 260,000 neutrinos, detected by IceCube between 2012 and 2018, and atmospheric temperatures of the stratosphere, measured by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument aboard NASA’s AQUA satellite. For the observed 10 $$\%$$ % seasonal change of effective atmospheric temperature we measure a 3.5(3) $$\%$$ % change in the muon neutrino flux. This observed correlation deviates by about 2-3 standard deviations from the expected correlation of 4.3 $$\%$$ % as obtained from theoretical predictions under the assumption of various hadronic interaction models.