학술논문
위험물 제조소 등의 환기․배출 설비 개선 방안 연구 / Study on Improvement of Ventilation and Exhaust System of Hazardous Material Manufactory
Document Type
Dissertation/ Thesis
Author
Source
Subject
Language
Korean
Abstract
위험물안전관리법은 위험물 제조소 등의 위치‧구조 및 설비 등을 규정하고 있어 위험물에 의한 재난을 사전에 예방하고, 재난 발생 시 피해를 최소화 할 수 있도록 규정하고 있다. 당해 법령에서 규정하고 있는 여러 설비 중 환기‧배출 설비는 가연성 증기의 체류를 방지하여 위험물로 인한 화재 및 폭발 등의 위해를 사전에 방지하기 위한 설비로 최소한의 안전장치이다. 위험물 제조소 등에서 화재 및 폭발의 예방과 피해규모를 축소하기 위하여 1993년에 소방기술기준에 관한 규칙이 제정된 이후 약 25년이 지난 현 시점까지 환기‧배출 설비의 설치 기준은 거의 개정되지 않았다. 이는 환기‧배출 설비의 기준이 제조소 등의 허가만을 위한 행정상의 기준으로 인식되고 있음을 반증하고 있다. 현재 위험물은 위험물안전관리법에서 제1류에서 제6류까지 6가지로 대분류 하고 제4류 위험물인 인화성 액체는 인화점에 따라 7단계로 분류하여 인화점이 낮을수록 적은 지정수량을 규정하고 있으나 위험물 제조소 등에 환기‧배출 설비의 기준은 위험물 물질별 특성을 고려하지 않은 획일적 기준을 제시하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 환기‧배출 설비의 신뢰성 저하 사례 및 실태를 분석하여 환기‧배출 방식의 개선방안 및 위험물 물질별 연소하한계 이하로 유지하기 위한 최소 환기‧배출량을 제시하고, 건축물 환기설비의 기준을 준용하여 환기‧배출 설비의 각부의 유효 단면적을 제시하고, 배출설비의 급기구의 적정 위치를 제시하고자 하였다. 연구결과, 환기방식에서는 건축물의 환기설비를 준용하여 제1종 환기, 제2종 환기, 제3종 환기, 자연환기 방식 중 제조소 등에 유효한 방식을 선택하여 설치할 수 있도록 제안하였으며, 환기량 산정에서는 화재‧폭발 방지 관점에서 연소하한값 이하로 유지하기 위한 최소 환기량 산정 방법을 제안하였다. 환기‧배출 설비 각부의 유효 단면적에서는 건축물의 환기설비를 준용하여 각부의 유호 단면적을 제시함으로써 급기구, 배기경로, 배기구의 각부의 설치에 대한 혼란을 방지하고자 하였다. 마지막으로 배출설비의 급기구를 Fail Safe 개념을 도입하여 배출설비가 정상적으로 작동되지 않을 시에도 환기설비의 기능을 할 수 있도록 환기설비의 급기구의 기준과 동일하게 낮은 곳에 설치하도록 제안하였다. 본 연구는 위험물 제조소 등의 폭발방지를 위한 최소한의 기준을 제시하고자 하며 향후 위험물 제조소 등의 환기‧배출 설비에 관한 추가적인 연구가 지속적으로 수행되어야 할 것이다.
Act on the Safety Control of Hazardous Substances stipulate the location, structure and facilities of hazardous material manufactory for preventing disasters caused by dangerous materials and to minimize damage in the event of a disaster. Ventilation and exhaust system, one of the facilities specified in that statute, is a minimum safety device to prevent fire and explosion by removing the stay of flammable vapors. Until now, about 25 years have passed since the rule on fire technology standards was enacted in 1993, the standards for the installation of ventilation and exhaust system have not been substantially revised. This indicates that the standards for ventilation and exhaust facilities are recognized as administrative standards for permits only for manufacturing facilities. Currently, hazardous materials are classified into 6 categories from Category 1 to 6 in Act on the Safety Control of Hazardous Substances. Flammable liquids classified as Category 4 hazardous materials are classified into 7 levels (the lower the flash point, the lower the specified quantity of dangerous goods) according to their flash point. But, the standards for ventilation and exhaust facilities provide uniform standards that do not take into account the characteristics of hazardous materials. Therefore, in this study, we analyze the cases of the decreasing reliability and current situations of ventilation and exhaust system and suggest the measures to improve the ventilation and exhaust system. Also, we suggest the minimum amount of ventilation and discharge system to keep below the lower limit of combustion. The effective sectional area of each part of the ventilation and exhaust system is proposed by applying the standards of the building ventilation equipment. We show the proper location of the supply mechanism of the exhaust facility. As a result of the study, it was suggested that the ventilation system of the building can be selected and installed by choosing useful methods among the class 1, the class 2, the class 3 ventilation and the natural ventilation type. In the calculation of the ventilation amount, the minimum ventilation amount calculation method to maintain the lower limit of the combustion limit in view of fire and explosion prevention was proposed. In the effective sectional area of each part of the ventilation and exhaust system, the ventilation equipment of the building was applied in order to prevent the confusion about installation of the outlets, the exhaust path, and the exhaust port By applying the ventilation equipment of the building. Finally, the Fail Safe concept was introduced as a outlets of the exhaust facility, and it was proposed to install the facility at the same low level as the outlets of the ventilation facility so that the ventilation facility can function even when the exhaust facility does not operate normally. This study aims to propose minimum standards for explosion prevention of hazardous materials manufacturing sites and further researches on ventilation and exhaust system of hazardous materials manufacturing facilities should be continuously carried out.
Act on the Safety Control of Hazardous Substances stipulate the location, structure and facilities of hazardous material manufactory for preventing disasters caused by dangerous materials and to minimize damage in the event of a disaster. Ventilation and exhaust system, one of the facilities specified in that statute, is a minimum safety device to prevent fire and explosion by removing the stay of flammable vapors. Until now, about 25 years have passed since the rule on fire technology standards was enacted in 1993, the standards for the installation of ventilation and exhaust system have not been substantially revised. This indicates that the standards for ventilation and exhaust facilities are recognized as administrative standards for permits only for manufacturing facilities. Currently, hazardous materials are classified into 6 categories from Category 1 to 6 in Act on the Safety Control of Hazardous Substances. Flammable liquids classified as Category 4 hazardous materials are classified into 7 levels (the lower the flash point, the lower the specified quantity of dangerous goods) according to their flash point. But, the standards for ventilation and exhaust facilities provide uniform standards that do not take into account the characteristics of hazardous materials. Therefore, in this study, we analyze the cases of the decreasing reliability and current situations of ventilation and exhaust system and suggest the measures to improve the ventilation and exhaust system. Also, we suggest the minimum amount of ventilation and discharge system to keep below the lower limit of combustion. The effective sectional area of each part of the ventilation and exhaust system is proposed by applying the standards of the building ventilation equipment. We show the proper location of the supply mechanism of the exhaust facility. As a result of the study, it was suggested that the ventilation system of the building can be selected and installed by choosing useful methods among the class 1, the class 2, the class 3 ventilation and the natural ventilation type. In the calculation of the ventilation amount, the minimum ventilation amount calculation method to maintain the lower limit of the combustion limit in view of fire and explosion prevention was proposed. In the effective sectional area of each part of the ventilation and exhaust system, the ventilation equipment of the building was applied in order to prevent the confusion about installation of the outlets, the exhaust path, and the exhaust port By applying the ventilation equipment of the building. Finally, the Fail Safe concept was introduced as a outlets of the exhaust facility, and it was proposed to install the facility at the same low level as the outlets of the ventilation facility so that the ventilation facility can function even when the exhaust facility does not operate normally. This study aims to propose minimum standards for explosion prevention of hazardous materials manufacturing sites and further researches on ventilation and exhaust system of hazardous materials manufacturing facilities should be continuously carried out.