부산대학교 도서관

Byline: Enrico Cappellini, Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; email: ecappellini@snm.ku.dk, ewillerslev@snm.ku.dk; Ana Prohaska, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom; Fernando Racimo, Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; email: ecappellini@snm.ku.dk, ewillerslev@snm.ku.dk; Frido Welker; Mikkel Winther Pedersen, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom; Morten E. Allentoft, Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; email: ecappellini@snm.ku.dk, ewillerslev@snm.ku.dk; Peter de Barros Damgaard, Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; email: ecappellini@snm.ku.dk, ewillerslev@snm.ku.dk; Petra Gutenbrunner, Computational Systems Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Julie Dunne, Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom; email: r.p.evershed@bristol.ac.uk; Simon Hammann; Melanie Roffet-Salque, Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom; email: r.p.evershed@bristol.ac.uk; Melissa Ilardo, Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; email: ecappellini@snm.ku.dk, ewillerslev@snm.ku.dk; J. Victor Moreno-Mayar, Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; email: ecappellini@snm.ku.dk, ewillerslev@snm.ku.dk; Yucheng Wang, Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; email: ecappellini@snm.ku.dk, ewillerslev@snm.ku.dk; Martin Sikora, Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; email: ecappellini@snm.ku.dk, ewillerslev@snm.ku.dk; Lasse Vinner, Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; email: ecappellini@snm.ku.dk, ewillerslev@snm.ku.dk; Jurgen Cox, Computational Systems Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Richard P. Evershed, Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom; email: r.p.evershed@bristol.ac.uk; Eske Willerslev Keywords: ancient DNA, ancient genomics, paleogenomics, ancient proteins, ancient lipids, paleoproteomics Author Notes: These authors equally contributed to the work. | Copyright [c] 2018 Enrico Cappellini et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See credit lines of images or other third party material in this article for license information. Abstract Over the past three decades, studies of ancient biomolecules-particularly ancient DNA, proteins, and lipids-have revolutionized our understanding of evolutionary history. Though initially fraught with many challenges, today the field stands on firm foundations. Researchers now successfully retrieve nucleotide and amino acid sequences, as well as lipid signatures, from progressively older samples, originating from geographic areas and depositional environments that, until recently, were regarded as hostile to long-term preservation of biomolecules. Sampling frequencies and the spatial and temporal scope of studies have also increased markedly, and with them the size and quality of the data sets generated. This progress has been made possible by continuous technical innovations in analytical methods, enhanced criteria for the selection of ancient samples, integrated experimental methods, and advanced computational approaches. Here, we discuss the history and current state of ancient biomolecule research, its applications to evolutionary inference, and future directions for this young and exciting field.