학술논문
The tRNA Epitranscriptome and Diabetes: Emergence of tRNA Hypomodifications as a Cause of Pancreatic [beta]-Cell Failure
Document Type
Report
Source
Endocrinology. May 2019, Vol. 160 Issue 5, p1262, 13 p.
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
0013-7227
Abstract
In recent years, the classical view of tRNAs as mere adaptor molecules with a passive role in protein translation has been overridden by reports highlighting the complexity of tRNAs and [...]
tRNAs are crucial noncoding RNA molecules that serve as amino acid carriers during protein synthesis. The transcription of tRNA genes is a highly regulated process. The tRNA pool is tissue and cell specific, it varies during development, and it is modulated by the environment. tRNAs are highly posttranscriptionally modified by specific tRNA-modifying enzymes. The tRNA modification signature of a cell determines the tRNA epitranscriptome. Perturbations in the tRNA epitranscriptome, as a consequence of mutations in tRNAs and tRNA-modifying enzymes or environmental exposure, have been associated with human disease, including diabetes. tRNA fragmentation induced by impaired tRNA modifications or dietary factors has been linked to pancreatic [beta]-cell demise and paternal inheritance of metabolic traits. Herein, we review recent findings that associate tRNA epitranscriptome perturbations with diabetes. (Endocrinology 160: 1262-1274, 2019)
tRNAs are crucial noncoding RNA molecules that serve as amino acid carriers during protein synthesis. The transcription of tRNA genes is a highly regulated process. The tRNA pool is tissue and cell specific, it varies during development, and it is modulated by the environment. tRNAs are highly posttranscriptionally modified by specific tRNA-modifying enzymes. The tRNA modification signature of a cell determines the tRNA epitranscriptome. Perturbations in the tRNA epitranscriptome, as a consequence of mutations in tRNAs and tRNA-modifying enzymes or environmental exposure, have been associated with human disease, including diabetes. tRNA fragmentation induced by impaired tRNA modifications or dietary factors has been linked to pancreatic [beta]-cell demise and paternal inheritance of metabolic traits. Herein, we review recent findings that associate tRNA epitranscriptome perturbations with diabetes. (Endocrinology 160: 1262-1274, 2019)