학술논문
THE EFFECT OF AIR QUALITY ON SLEEP AND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE IN SCHOOL CHILDREN AGED 10-12 YEARS: A DOUBLE-BLINDED, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED, CROSSOVER TRIAL
ORIGINAL PAPER
ORIGINAL PAPER
Document Type
Report
Author
Source
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health. March-April 2023, Vol. 36 Issue 2, p177, 15 p.
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
1232-1087
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Poor ventilation may lead to reduced cognitive performance among adults at work or children at school [1]. While it has been proposed that the observed effects on cognitive performance [...]
Objectives: To investigate the effect of C[O.sub.2] during sleep on next-morning cognitive performance in young schoolchildren, the authors performed a double-blind fully balanced crossover placebo-controlled study. Material and Methods: The authors included 36 children aged 10-12 years in the climate chamber. The children slept at 21[degrees]C in 6 groups each at 3 different conditions separated by 7 days in a random order. Conditions were as follows: high ventilation with C[O.sub.2] at 700 ppm, high ventilation with added pure C[O.sub.2] at 2000-3000 ppm, and reduced ventilation with C[O.sub.2] at 2-3000 ppm and bioeffluents. Children were subjected to a digital cognitive test battery (CANTAB) in the evening prior to sleep and on the next morning after breakfast. Sleep quality was monitored with wrist actigraphs. Results: There were no significant exposure effects on cognitive performance. Sleep efficiency was significantly lower at high ventilation with C[O.sub.2] at 700 ppm which is considered to be a chance effect. No other effects were seen, and no relation between air quality during sleep and next-morning cognitive performance was observed in the children emitting an estimated [??] per child. Conclusions: No effect of C[O.sub.2] during sleep was found on next day cognition. The children were awakened in the morning, and spent from 45-70 min in well-ventilated rooms before they were tested. Hence, it cannot be precluded that the children have benefitted from the good indoor air quality conditions before and during the testing period. The slightly better sleep efficiency during high C[O.sub.2] concentrations might be a chance finding. Hence, replication is needed in actual bedrooms controlling for other external factors before any generalizations can be made. Key words: sleep quality, cognition, indoor air, C[O.sub.2] exposure, school children, RCT study
Objectives: To investigate the effect of C[O.sub.2] during sleep on next-morning cognitive performance in young schoolchildren, the authors performed a double-blind fully balanced crossover placebo-controlled study. Material and Methods: The authors included 36 children aged 10-12 years in the climate chamber. The children slept at 21[degrees]C in 6 groups each at 3 different conditions separated by 7 days in a random order. Conditions were as follows: high ventilation with C[O.sub.2] at 700 ppm, high ventilation with added pure C[O.sub.2] at 2000-3000 ppm, and reduced ventilation with C[O.sub.2] at 2-3000 ppm and bioeffluents. Children were subjected to a digital cognitive test battery (CANTAB) in the evening prior to sleep and on the next morning after breakfast. Sleep quality was monitored with wrist actigraphs. Results: There were no significant exposure effects on cognitive performance. Sleep efficiency was significantly lower at high ventilation with C[O.sub.2] at 700 ppm which is considered to be a chance effect. No other effects were seen, and no relation between air quality during sleep and next-morning cognitive performance was observed in the children emitting an estimated [??] per child. Conclusions: No effect of C[O.sub.2] during sleep was found on next day cognition. The children were awakened in the morning, and spent from 45-70 min in well-ventilated rooms before they were tested. Hence, it cannot be precluded that the children have benefitted from the good indoor air quality conditions before and during the testing period. The slightly better sleep efficiency during high C[O.sub.2] concentrations might be a chance finding. Hence, replication is needed in actual bedrooms controlling for other external factors before any generalizations can be made. Key words: sleep quality, cognition, indoor air, C[O.sub.2] exposure, school children, RCT study