학술논문
Spontánní bakteriální peritonitidaSpontaneous bacterial peritonitis
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Abstract
Spontánní bakteriální peritonitida (SBP) je častou a závažnou komplikací u pacientů s ascitem při jaterní cirhóze. Hospitalizační mortalita pacientů se SBP se pohybuje mezi 10–20 %, proto je nutné na ni pomýšlet při každém zhoršení stavu u cirhotika, včas ji diagnostikovat a účinně léčit. Klinický obraz je variabilní a nespecifický, až u 1/3 pacientů může probíhat onemocnění asymptomaticky. Pro diagnózu SBP je rozhodující počet neutrofilů v ascitické tekutině > 250 buněk/mm3. Bakteriologické vyšetření ascitu zachytí agens u méně než 1/2 případů a výsledek je k dispozici až po několika dnech. Léčbu je však nutno zahájit bezodkladně. SBP se léčí celkově podávanými antibiotiky, lékem první volby jsou cefalosporiny 3. generace, nejčastěji cefotaxim, alternativou jsou fluorochinolony. Dlouhodobá prognóza nemocných s prodělanou SBP je nepříznivá pro vysoký výskyt recidiv, jednoleté přežití po proběhlé epizodě SBP je 30–40 %, dvouleté 20 %. Tito nemocní mají proto dostávat dlouhodobou antibiotickou profylaxi a měla by být u nich zvážena transplantace jater.
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) represents a frequent and serious complication in patients with ascites in liver cirrhosis. Hospital mortality in patients with SBP reaches 10–20 %, so it is necessary to consider this diagnosis in every clinical decompensation of a cirrhotic patient, diagnose it early and treat it effectively. The clinical manifestation is nonspecific and variable, up to one third of patients might be asymptomatic. The diagnosis of SBP is based on the ascitic neutrophils count greater than 250 per mm3. Bacteriological examination of ascites fluid detects causative agents at less than half of the cases and the result is available after a few days. However, treatment should be initiated without delay. SBP is generally treated with antibiotics, the first choice therapy are the third generation cephalosporins, mostly cefotaxime, alternatively fluoroquinolones. Long-term prognosis of patients with the history of SBP is poor owing to its high recurrence rate, one-year survival after an episode of SBP is 30–40 %, 20 % at two years. Therefore, these patients should receive long-term antibiotic prophylaxis and should be evaluated for liver transplantation.
Renáta Šenkeříková, Soňa Fraňková, Jan Šperl, Julius Špičák
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) represents a frequent and serious complication in patients with ascites in liver cirrhosis. Hospital mortality in patients with SBP reaches 10–20 %, so it is necessary to consider this diagnosis in every clinical decompensation of a cirrhotic patient, diagnose it early and treat it effectively. The clinical manifestation is nonspecific and variable, up to one third of patients might be asymptomatic. The diagnosis of SBP is based on the ascitic neutrophils count greater than 250 per mm3. Bacteriological examination of ascites fluid detects causative agents at less than half of the cases and the result is available after a few days. However, treatment should be initiated without delay. SBP is generally treated with antibiotics, the first choice therapy are the third generation cephalosporins, mostly cefotaxime, alternatively fluoroquinolones. Long-term prognosis of patients with the history of SBP is poor owing to its high recurrence rate, one-year survival after an episode of SBP is 30–40 %, 20 % at two years. Therefore, these patients should receive long-term antibiotic prophylaxis and should be evaluated for liver transplantation.
Renáta Šenkeříková, Soňa Fraňková, Jan Šperl, Julius Špičák