학술논문

Evidence for a mixed mass composition at the ‘ankle’ in the cosmic-ray spectrum
Document Type
article
Author
A. AabP. AbreuM. AgliettaE.J. AhnI. Al SamaraiI.F.M. AlbuquerqueI. AllekotteP. AllisonA. AlmelaJ. Alvarez CastilloJ. Alvarez-MuñizM. AmbrosioG.A. AnastasiL. AnchordoquiB. AndradaS. AndringaC. AramoF. ArquerosN. ArseneH. AsoreyP. AssisJ. AublinG. AvilaA.M. BadescuA. BalaceanuC. BausJ.J. BeattyK.H. BeckerJ.A. BellidoC. BeratM.E. BertainaP.L. BiermannP. BilloirJ. BiteauS.G. BlaessA. BlancoJ. BlazekC. BleveM. BoháčováD. BoncioliC. BonifaziN. BorodaiA.M. BottiJ. BrackI. BrancusT. BretzA. BridgemanF.L. BriechleP. BuchholzA. BuenoS. BuitinkM. BuscemiK.S. Caballero-MoraB. CaccianigaL. CaccianigaA. CancioF. CanforaL. CarameteR. CarusoA. CastellinaG. CataldiL. CazonR. CesterA.G. ChavezA. ChiavassaJ.A. ChinellatoJ. ChudobaR.W. ClayR. ColalilloA. ColemanL. CollicaM.R. ColucciaR. ConceiçãoF. ContrerasM.J. CooperS. CoutuC.E. CovaultJ. CroninR. DallierS. D'AmicoB. DanielS. DassoK. DaumillerB.R. DawsonR.M. de AlmeidaS.J. de JongG. De MauroJ.R.T. de Mello NetoI. De MitriJ. de OliveiraV. de SouzaJ. DebatinL. del PeralO. DelignyC. Di GiulioA. Di MatteoM.L. Díaz CastroF. DiogoC. DobrigkeitJ.C. D'OlivoA. DorofeevR.C. dos AnjosM.T. DovaA. DundovicJ. EbrR. EngelM. ErdmannM. ErfaniC.O. EscobarJ. EspadanalA. EtchegoyenH. FalckeK. FangG. FarrarA.C. FauthN. FazziniB. FickJ.M. FigueiraA. FilevichA. FilipčičO. FratuM.M. FreireT. FujiiA. FusterB. GarcíaD. Garcia-PintoF. GatéH. GemmekeA. Gherghel-LascuP.L. GhiaU. GiaccariM. GiammarchiM. GillerD. GłasC. GlaserH. GlassG. GolupM. Gómez BerissoP.F. Gómez VitaleN. GonzálezB. GookinJ. GordonA. GorgiP. GorhamP. GouffonA.F. GrilloT.D. GrubbF. GuarinoG.P. GuedesM.R. HampelP. HansenD. HarariT.A. HarrisonJ.L. HartonQ. HasankiadehA. HaungsT. HebbekerD. HeckP. HeimannA.E. HerveG.C. HillC. HojvatE. HoltP. HomolaJ.R. HörandelP. HorvathM. HrabovskýT. HuegeJ. HulsmanA. InsoliaP.G. IsarI. JandtS. JansenJ.A. JohnsenM. JosebachuiliA. KääpäO. KambeitzK.H. KampertP. KasperI. KatkovB. KeilhauerE. KempR.M. KieckhaferH.O. KlagesM. KleifgesJ. KleinfellerR. KrauseN. KrohmD. KuempelG. Kukec MezekN. KunkaA. Kuotb AwadD. LaHurdL. LatronicoM. LauscherP. LautridouP. LebrunR. LeguminaM.A. Leigui de OliveiraA. Letessier-SelvonI. Lhenry-YvonK. LinkL. LopesR. LópezA. López CasadoQ. LuceA. LuceroM. MalacariM. MallamaciD. MandatP. MantschA.G. MariazziI.C. MarişG. MarsellaD. MartelloH. MartinezO. Martínez BravoJ.J. Masías MezaH.J. MathesS. MathysJ. MatthewsJ.A.J. MatthewsG. MatthiaeE. MayotteP.O. MazurC. MedinaG. Medina-TancoD. MeloA. MenshikovS. MessinaM.I. MichelettiL. MiddendorfI.A. MinayaL. MiramontiB. MitricaD. MocklerL. Molina-BuenoS. MollerachF. MontanetC. MorelloM. MostafáG. MüllerM.A. MullerS. MüllerI. NaranjoS. NavasL. NellenJ. NeuserP.H. NguyenM. Niculescu-OglinzanuM. NiechciolL. NiemietzT. NiggemannD. NitzD. NosekV. NovotnyH. NožkaL.A. NúñezL. OchiloF. OikonomouA. OlintoD. Pakk Selmi-DeiM. PalatkaJ. PallottaP. PapenbreerG. ParenteA. ParraT. PaulM. PechF. PedreiraJ. PȩkalaR. PelayoJ. Peña-RodriguezL.A.S. PereiraL. PerroneC. PetersS. PetreraJ. PhuntsokR. PiegaiaT. PierogP. PieroniM. PimentaV. PirronelloM. PlatinoM. PlumC. PorowskiR.R. PradoP. PriviteraM. ProuzaE.J. QuelS. QuerchfeldS. QuinnR. Ramos-PollantJ. RautenbergO. RavelD. RavignaniD. ReinertB. RevenuJ. RidkyM. RisseP. RistoriV. RiziW. Rodrigues de CarvalhoG. Rodriguez FernandezJ. Rodriguez RojoM.D. Rodríguez-FríasD. RogozinJ. RosadoM. RothE. RouletA.C. RoveroS.J. SaffiA. SaftoiuH. SalazarA. SalehF. Salesa GreusG. SalinaJ.D. Sanabria GomezF. SánchezP. Sanchez-LucasE.M. SantosE. SantosF. SarazinB. SarkarR. SarmentoC. Sarmiento-CanoR. SatoC. ScarsoM. SchauerV. ScheriniH. SchielerD. SchmidtO. ScholtenP. SchovánekF.G. SchröderA. SchulzJ. SchulzJ. SchumacherS.J. SciuttoA. SegretoM. SettimoA. ShadkamR.C. ShellardG. SiglG. SilliO. SimaA. ŚmiałkowskiR. ŠmídaG.R. SnowP. SommersS. SonntagJ. SorokinR. SquartiniD. StancaS. StaničJ. StasielakF. StrafellaF. SuarezM. Suarez DuránT. SudholzT. SuomijärviA.D. SupanitskyM.S. SutherlandJ. SwainZ. SzadkowskiO.A. TabordaA. TapiaA. TepeV.M. TheodoroC. TimmermansC.J. Todero PeixotoL. TomankovaB. ToméA. TonachiniG. Torralba ElipeD. Torres MachadoM. TorriP. TravnicekM. TriniR. UlrichM. UngerM. UrbanA. Valbuena-DelgadoJ.F. Valdés GaliciaI. ValiñoL. ValoreG. van AarP. van BodegomA.M. van den BergA. van VlietE. VarelaB. Vargas CárdenasG. VarnerJ.R. VázquezR.A. VázquezD. VeberičV. VerziJ. VichaL. VillaseñorS. VorobiovH. WahlbergO. WainbergD. WalzA.A. WatsonM. WeberA. WeindlL. WienckeH. WilczyńskiT. WinchenD. WittkowskiB. WundheilerS. WykesL. YangD. YelosP. YounkA. YushkovE. ZasD. ZavrtanikM. ZavrtanikA. ZepedaB. ZimmermannM. ZiolkowskiZ. ZongF. Zuccarello
Source
Physics Letters B, Vol 762, Iss , Pp 288-295 (2016)
Subject
Physics
QC1-999
Language
English
ISSN
0370-2693
Abstract
We report a first measurement for ultrahigh energy cosmic rays of the correlation between the depth of shower maximum and the signal in the water Cherenkov stations of air-showers registered simultaneously by the fluorescence and the surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Such a correlation measurement is a unique feature of a hybrid air-shower observatory with sensitivity to both the electromagnetic and muonic components. It allows an accurate determination of the spread of primary masses in the cosmic-ray flux. Up till now, constraints on the spread of primary masses have been dominated by systematic uncertainties. The present correlation measurement is not affected by systematics in the measurement of the depth of shower maximum or the signal in the water Cherenkov stations. The analysis relies on general characteristics of air showers and is thus robust also with respect to uncertainties in hadronic event generators. The observed correlation in the energy range around the ‘ankle’ at lg⁡(E/eV)=18.5–19.0 differs significantly from expectations for pure primary cosmic-ray compositions. A light composition made up of proton and helium only is equally inconsistent with observations. The data are explained well by a mixed composition including nuclei with mass A>4. Scenarios such as the proton dip model, with almost pure compositions, are thus disfavored as the sole explanation of the ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray flux at Earth. Keywords: Pierre Auger Observatory, Cosmic rays, Mass composition, Ankle