학술논문
Standard Practices for Apparatus, Reagents, and Safety Considerations for Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
Document Type
Standard
Author
Source
Annual Book of ASTM Standards. 2017. Vol. 03.05, 12 p.
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
1.1 These practices cover laboratory apparatus and reagents that are required for the chemical analysis of metals, ores and related materials by standard methods of ASTM. Detailed descriptions of recommended apparatus and detailed instructions for the preparation of standard solutions and certain nonstandardized reagents will be found listed or specified in the individual methods of analysis. Included here are general recommendations on the purity of reagents and protective measures for the use of hazardous reagents. 1.2 These recommendations are intended to apply to the ASTM methods of chemical analysis of metals when definite reference is made to these practices, as covered in Section 4 . 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards are given in Section 8 . Note 1: The use of the verb “shall” (with its obligatory third person meaning) in this standard has been confined to those aspects of laboratory safety where regulatory requirements are known to exist. Such regulations, however, are beyond the scope of these practices. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 The inclusion of the following paragraph, or a suitable equivalent, in any standard (preferably after the section on Scope) is due notification that the apparatus and reagents required in that standard are subject to the recommendations set forth in these practices. “ Apparatus and Reagents —Apparatus and reagents required for each determination are listed in separate sections preceding the procedure. Apparatus, standard solutions, and certain other reagents shall conform to the requirements prescribed in ASTM Practices E50 , for Apparatus, Reagents, and Safety Considerations for Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials.” TABLE 1 Chemical Reagents Specified in ASTM Methods for Chemical Analysis of Metals Name Formula * Acetic acid CH 3 COOH Acetone CH 3 COCH 3 Acetylacetone (2,4-pentanedione) CH 3 COCH 2 COCH 3 Alizarin-Red-S C 6 H 4 COC 6 H-1,2-(OH) 2 -3-SO 3 NaCO Aluminon (aurintricarboxylic acid-ammonium salt) (4-HOC 6 H 3 -3-COONH 4 ) 2 C:C 6 H-3-(COONH 4 ):O Aluminum metal (99.9 % min) Al * Aluminum metal (sheet or rolled foil) Al Aluminum ammonium sulfate Al 2 (NH 4 ) 2 (SO 4 ) 4 ·24H 2 O Aluminum nitrate Al(NO 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 O Aluminum sulfate Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·18H 2 O Aluminum oxide, fused (Alundum) 1-Amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid NH 2 C 1 0 H 5 (OH)SO 3 H Ammonium acetate CH 3 COONH 4 Ammonium benzoate C 6 H 5 COONH 4 Ammonium bifluoride NH 4 FHF Ammonium bisulfate NH 4 HSO 4 Ammonium bisulfite NH 4 HSO 3 Ammonium carbonate (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 * Ammonium chloride NH 4 Cl * Ammonium citrate CH 2 (COONH 4 )C(OH)(COOH)CH 2 COONH 4 Ammonium fluoride NH 4 F * Ammonium hydroxide A NH 4 OH Ammonium iodide NH 4 I Ammonium molybdate (NH 4 ) 2 MoO 4 * Ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate (NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 2 4 ·4H 2 O Ammonium nitrate NH 4 NO 3 * Ammonium oxalate NH 4 OCOCOONH 4 ·H 2 O * Ammonium phosphate, dibasic (diammonium acid phosphate) (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 * Ammonium persulfate (ammonium peroxydisulfate) (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 * Ammonium sulfate (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 * Ammonium tartrate NH 4 OCO(CHOH) 2 COONH 4 Ammonium thiocyanate NH 4 SCN Ammonium vanadate NH 4 VO 3 Antimony metal (powder) Sb Antimony trichloride SbCl 3 * Arsenic trioxide As 2 O 3 Asbestos (for use with Gooch crucible) Barium Chloride BaCl 2 ·2H 2 O Barium diphenylamine sulfonate (C 6 H 5 NHC 6 H 4 -4-SO 3 ) 2 Ba * Benzoic acid C 6 H 5 COOH α-Benzoin oxime (benzoin anti-oxime) C 6 H 5 CHOHC:NOHC 6 H 5 Beryllium sulfate BeSO 4 ·4H 2 O Bismuth metal (99.9 % min) Bi Boric acid H 3 BO 3 Bromocresol green (3′,3",5′,5"-tetrabromo- m -cresolsulfonephthalein) C 6 H 4 SO 2 OC(C 6 H-3,5-Br 2 -2-CH 3 -4-OH) 2 Bromocresol purple (5′,5"-Dibromo- o -cresolsulfonephthalein) C 6 H 4 SO 2 OC(C 6 H 2 -3-CH 3 -5-Br-4-OH) 2 Bromine (liquid) Br 2 Bromophenol blue (3′,3",5′,5"-tetrabromophenolsulfonephthalein) C 6 H 4 SO 2 OC(C 6 H 2 -3,5-Br 2 -4-OH) 2 1-Butanol CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH Butyl acetate (normal) CH 3 COOCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 * Cadmium chloride CdCl 2 ·2 1 / 2 H 2 O Cadmium chloride, anhydrous CdCl 2 * † Calcium carbonate (low-boron) CaCO 3 Carbon dioxide (gas) CO 2 Carbon dioxide (solid) CO 2 Carbon tetrachloride CCl 4 Carminic acid 1,3,4-(HO) 3 -2-C 6 H 1 1 O 6 C 6 COC 6 H-5-COOH-6-OH-8-CH 3 CO * Chloroform CHCl 3 Cinchonine C 1 9 H 2 2 N 2 O Citric acid HOC(COOH)(CH 2 COOH) 2 Cobalt metal Co Cobalt sulfate CoSO 4 Coke Congo red test paper Copper metal (99.9 % min) Cu * Copper metal (powder or turnings) Cu Copper metal (P-free) Cu Copper metal (Mn, Ni, and Co-free, less than 0.001 % of each) Cu Copper-rare earth oxide mixture m -Cresol purple ( m -cresolsulfonephthalein) C 6 H 4 SO 2 OC(C 6 H 3 -2-CH 3 -4-OH) 2 Cupferron C 6 H 5 N(NO)ONH 4 Cupric chloride CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O * Cupric nitrate Cu(NO 3 ) 2 ·3H 2 O * Cupric oxide (powder) CuO Cupric potassium chloride CuCl 2 ·2KCl·2H 2 O * Cupric sulfate CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O Curcumin (2-CH 3 OC 6 H 3 -1-OH-4-CH:CHCO) 2 CH 2 Devarda's alloy 50Cu-45Al-5Zn Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid ([[(carboxymethyl)imino]bis(ethylenenenitrilo)] tetraacetic acid) ((HOCOCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 COOH * Dimethylglyoxime CH 3 C:NOHC:NOHCH 3 N,N′ Diphenylbenzidine C 6 H 5 NHC 6 H 4 C 6 H 4 NHC 6 H 5 Diphenylcarbazide (1,5-diphenylcarbohydrazide) C 6 H 5 NHNHCONHNHC 6 H 5 * Disodium (ethylenedinitrilo) tetraacetate dihydrate See (ethylenedinitrilo) tetraacetic acid disodium salt Dithiol (toluene-3,4-dithiol) CH 3 C 6 H 3 (SH) 2 Dithizone (diphenylthiocarbazone) C 6 H 5 NHNHCSN:NC 6 H 5 Eriochrome black-T (1(1-hydroxy-2-naphthylazo)-6-nitro-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid sodium salt) 1-HOC 1 0 H 6 -2-N:N-1-C 1 0 H 4 -2-OH-4-SO 3 Na-6-NO 2 * EDTA (Disodium salt) See (ethylenedinitrilo) tetraacetic acid disodium salt * Ethanol C 2 H 5 OH * Ethyl ether (diethyl ether) C 2 H 5 OC 2 H 5 * (Ethylenedinitrilo) tetraacetic acid disodium salt HOCOCH 2 (NaOCOCH 2 )NCH 2 N(CH 2 COONa)CH 2 COOH·2H 2 O Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (2-methoxy-ethanol) CH 3 OCH 2 CH 2 OH * Ferric chloride FeCl 3 ·6H 2 O * Ferric nitrate Fe(NO 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 O Ferric sulfate Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 · n H 2 O * Ferrous ammonium sulfate Fe(NH 4 ) 2 (SO 4 ) 2 ·6H 2 O * Ferrous sulfate FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O Fluoroboric acid HBF 4 Fluorescein, sodium salt 2NaOCOC 6 H 4 C:C 6 H 3 -3(:O)OC 6 H 3 -6-ONa Formaldehyde HCHO * Formic acid A HCOOH Gelatin Graphite C Glass wool Glycerol CH 2 OHCHOHCH 2 OH Hydrazine sulfate NH 2 NH 2 ·H 2 SO 4 * Hydrobromic acid A HBr * Hydrochloric acid A HCl * Hydrofluoric acid A HF Hydrogen chloride gas HCl * Hydrogen peroxide H 2 O 2 Hydrogen sulfide gas H 2 S Hydroquinone 1,4-(OH) 2 C 6 H 4 * Hydroxylamine hydrochloride NH 2 OH·HCl * Hypophosphorous acid B H 3 PO 2 Invert sugar * Iodine I 2 Iron metal or wire (99.8 % min) Fe Isopropyl ether (CH 3 ) 2 CHOCH(CH 3 ) 2 Lead metal Pb * Lead acetate Pb(CH 3 COO) 2 Lead chloride PbCl 2 * Lead nitrate Pb(NO 3 ) 2 Litmus Lithium fluoride LiF Magnesium metal (Sn-free) Mg Magnesium perchlorate, anhydrous Mg(ClO 4 ) 2 * Magnesium sulfate MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O Manganese metal (99.8 % min) Mn Manganous nitrate Mn(NO 3 ) 2 Manganous sulfate MnSO 4 ·H 2 O Mannitol CH 2 OH(CHOH) 4 CH 2 OH Marble chips * Mercuric chloride HgCl 2 * Mercury Hg * Methanol CH 3 OH Methyl isobutyl ketone (4-methyl-2-pentanone) CH 3 COCH 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 * Methyl orange ( p [[ p -dimethylamino)phenyl]azo]benzenesulfonic acid sodium salt) 4-NaOSO 2 C 6 H 4 N:NC 6 H 4 -4-N(CH 3 ) 2 Methyl purple formula unknown, patented * Methyl red ( o -[[( p -dimethylamino)phenyl]azo]benzoic acid) 4-(CH 3 ) 2 NC 6 H 4 N:NC 6 H 4 -2-COOH Molybdenum metal (99.8 % min) Mo Molybdic acid, anhydride (molybdenum trioxide) MoO 3 Molybdic acid (ammonium paramolybdate) Assay: as MoO 3 —85 % Morin, anhydrous (2′,3,4′,7-penta hydroxyflavone) 5,7-(HO) 2 C 6 H 2 OC(C 6 H 3 -2,4-(OH) 2 ):C(OH)CO β-Naphthoquinoline (5,6-benzoquinoline) C 1 0 H 6 CH:CHCH:N Neocuproine (2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) (CH 3 ) 2 C 12 H 6 N 2 · 12 H 2 O Nickel metal (99.8 % min) Ni Nickel metal (sheet) Ni Nickelous nitrate Ni(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O Nickelous sulfate NiSO 4 ·6H 2 O * Nitric acid A HNO 3 Nitrogen gas (oxygen-free) N 2 Nitrogen, liquid N 2 m -Nitrophenol NO 2 C 6 H 4 OH 1-Nitroso-2-naphthol(α-nitroso-β-naphthol) NOC 1 0 H 6 OH Nitroso-R-salt (1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid disodium salt) 1-NOC 1 0 H 4 -2-(OH)-3,6-(SO 3 Na) 2 Osmium tetraoxide OsO 4 Oxalic acid (COOH) 2 Oxygen gas O 2 * Perchloric acid A HClO 4 1,10-Phenanthroline ( o -phenanthroline) CH:CHCH:NC:CCH:CHC:CN:CHCH:CH·H 2 O * Phenolphthalein C 6 H 4 COOC(C 6 H 4 -4-OH) 2 * Phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4 Piperidine NH(CH 2 ) 4 CH 2 Platinized quartz Platinized silica gel Platinum gauze Pt * Potassium biphthalate 1-KOCOC 6 H 4 -2-COOH Potassium bisulfate KHSO 4 * Potassium bromate KBrO 3 * Potassium bromide KBr * Potassium chlorate KClO 3 * Potassium chloride KCl * Potassium chromate K 2 CrO 4 Potassium columbate 4K 2 O·3Cb 2 O 5 ·16H 2 O * Potassium cyanide KCN * Potassium dichromate K 2 Cr 2 O 7 * Potassium ferricyanide K 3 Fe(CN) 6 Potassium ferrocyanide K 4 Fe(CN) 6 ·3H 2 O * Potassium fluoride KF·2H 2 O * Potassium hydroxide KOH * Potassium iodate KIO 3 * Potassium iodide KI Potassium iodide starch paper * Potassium nitrate KNO 3 * Potassium m -periodate KIO 4 * Potassium permanganate KMnO 4 Potassium persulfate K 2 S 2 O 8 Potassium phosphate, monobasic KH 2 PO 4 * Potassium pyrosulfate K 2 S 2 O 7 * Potassium sulfate K 2 SO 4 Potassium tantalum fluoride K 2 TaF Potassium thiocarbonate K 2 CS 3 * Potassium thiocyanate KSCN Pyrogallic acid (pyrogallol) C 6 H 3 -1,3-(OH) 3 Quinine sulfate (C 2 0 H 2 4 N 2 O 2 ) 2 ·H 2 SO 4 ·2H 2 O 8-Quinolinol (8-hydroxyquinoline) HOC 6 H 3 N:CHCH:CH Sebacic acid HOCO(CH 2 ) 8 COOH Selenium (powder) Se Silicon dioxide (silica) SiO 2 * Silver nitrate AgNO 3 Soda-lime Soda-mica mineral (CO 2 absorbent) Sodium acetate CH 3 COONa Sodium arsenite NaAsO 2 Sodium azide NaN 3 * Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO 3 * Sodium bismuthate NaBiO 3 Sodium bisulfate see sodium hydrogen sulfate * Sodium bisulfate, fused see sodium hydrogen sulfate, fused Sodium bisulfite NaHSO 3 * Sodium borate Na 2 B 4 O 7 ·10H 2 O * Sodium carbonate, anhydrous Na 2 CO 3 Sodium chlorate NaClO 3 Sodium chloride NaCl Sodium citrate HOC(COONa)(CH 2 COONa) 2 ·2H 2 O Sodium cyanide NaCN Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (C 2 H 5 ) 2 NCSSNa·3H 2 O Sodium dimethylglyoximate CH 3 C(:NONa)C(:NONa)CH 3 ·8H 2 O Sodium diphenylamine sulfonate C 6 H 5 NHC 6 H 4 -4-SO 3 Na Sodium dithionite (hydrosulfite) Na 2 S 2 O 4 * Sodium fluoride NaF Sodium hydrogen sulfate NaHSO 4 Sodium hydrogen sulfate, fused A mixture of Na 2 S 2 O 7 and NaHSO 4 * Sodium hydroxide NaOH Sodium hypophosphite NaH 2 PO 2 ·H 2 O Sodium molybdate Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O Sodium nitrate NaNO 3 Sodium nitrite NaNO 2 Sodium oxalate NaOCOCOONa Sodium perchlorate NaClO 4 Sodium peroxide Na 2 O 2 Sodium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous Na 2 HPO 4 Sodium pyrophosphate Na 4 P 2 O 7 ·10H 2 O Sodium pyrosulfate Na 2 S 2 O 7 Sodium sulfate, anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 Sodium sulfide Na 2 S·9H 2 O Sodium sulfite Na 2 SO 3 ·7H 2 O Sodium sulfite, anhydrous Na 2 SO 3 Sodium thiocyanate NaSCN * Sodium thiosulfate Na 2 S 2 O 3 ·5H 2 O * Sodium tungstate Na 2 WO 4 ·2H 2 O * Stannous chloride SnCl 2 ·2H 2 O * Starch (C 6 H 1 0 O 5 ) x Succinic acid HOCOCH 2 CH 2 COOH Sulfamic acid NH 2 SO 3 H Sulfatoceric acid (ceric sulfate) H 4 Ce(SO 4 ) 4 5-Sulfosalicylic acid 2-HOC 6 H 3 -1-COOH-5-SO 3 H·2H 2 O Sulfur dioxide gas SO 2 * Sulfuric acid A H 2 SO 4 * Sulfurous acid A H 2 SO 3 Talc * Tartaric acid HOCO(CHOH) 2 COOH Test lead Pb Tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 ) 4 NOH Thioglycollic acid (mercaptoacetic acid) CH 2 SHCOOH Thiourea NH 2 CSNH 2 Tin metal (99.9 %min) Sn Titanium dioxide TiO 2 Titanium metal (low Sn) Ti Triethanolamine (2,2′,2"-nitrilotriethanol) (CH 2 OHCH 2 ) 3 N Uranium oxide U 3 O 8 * Uranyl nitrate UO 2 (NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O Urea NH 2 CONH 2 Zinc (99.9 % min) Zn Zinc metal (S-free) Zn Zinc oxide ZnO Zinc sulfate ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O Zirconium oxide ZrO 2 Zirconium metal Zr Zirconyl chloride ZrOCl 2 ·8H 2 O (A) * Reagent on which ACS specifications exist. † ACS specification exists but does not cover all requirements. For concentration of laboratory reagent, see Table 2 . (B) Contains at least 50 % H 3 PO 2 . 4.2 It is assumed that the users of these practices will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly-equipped laboratory.
4.1 The inclusion of the following paragraph, or a suitable equivalent, in any standard (preferably after the section on Scope) is due notification that the apparatus and reagents required in that standard are subject to the recommendations set forth in these practices. “ Apparatus and Reagents —Apparatus and reagents required for each determination are listed in separate sections preceding the procedure. Apparatus, standard solutions, and certain other reagents shall conform to the requirements prescribed in ASTM Practices E50 , for Apparatus, Reagents, and Safety Considerations for Chemical Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related Materials.” TABLE 1 Chemical Reagents Specified in ASTM Methods for Chemical Analysis of Metals Name Formula * Acetic acid CH 3 COOH Acetone CH 3 COCH 3 Acetylacetone (2,4-pentanedione) CH 3 COCH 2 COCH 3 Alizarin-Red-S C 6 H 4 COC 6 H-1,2-(OH) 2 -3-SO 3 NaCO Aluminon (aurintricarboxylic acid-ammonium salt) (4-HOC 6 H 3 -3-COONH 4 ) 2 C:C 6 H-3-(COONH 4 ):O Aluminum metal (99.9 % min) Al * Aluminum metal (sheet or rolled foil) Al Aluminum ammonium sulfate Al 2 (NH 4 ) 2 (SO 4 ) 4 ·24H 2 O Aluminum nitrate Al(NO 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 O Aluminum sulfate Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·18H 2 O Aluminum oxide, fused (Alundum) 1-Amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid NH 2 C 1 0 H 5 (OH)SO 3 H Ammonium acetate CH 3 COONH 4 Ammonium benzoate C 6 H 5 COONH 4 Ammonium bifluoride NH 4 FHF Ammonium bisulfate NH 4 HSO 4 Ammonium bisulfite NH 4 HSO 3 Ammonium carbonate (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 * Ammonium chloride NH 4 Cl * Ammonium citrate CH 2 (COONH 4 )C(OH)(COOH)CH 2 COONH 4 Ammonium fluoride NH 4 F * Ammonium hydroxide A NH 4 OH Ammonium iodide NH 4 I Ammonium molybdate (NH 4 ) 2 MoO 4 * Ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate (NH 4 ) 6 Mo 7 O 2 4 ·4H 2 O Ammonium nitrate NH 4 NO 3 * Ammonium oxalate NH 4 OCOCOONH 4 ·H 2 O * Ammonium phosphate, dibasic (diammonium acid phosphate) (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 * Ammonium persulfate (ammonium peroxydisulfate) (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 * Ammonium sulfate (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 * Ammonium tartrate NH 4 OCO(CHOH) 2 COONH 4 Ammonium thiocyanate NH 4 SCN Ammonium vanadate NH 4 VO 3 Antimony metal (powder) Sb Antimony trichloride SbCl 3 * Arsenic trioxide As 2 O 3 Asbestos (for use with Gooch crucible) Barium Chloride BaCl 2 ·2H 2 O Barium diphenylamine sulfonate (C 6 H 5 NHC 6 H 4 -4-SO 3 ) 2 Ba * Benzoic acid C 6 H 5 COOH α-Benzoin oxime (benzoin anti-oxime) C 6 H 5 CHOHC:NOHC 6 H 5 Beryllium sulfate BeSO 4 ·4H 2 O Bismuth metal (99.9 % min) Bi Boric acid H 3 BO 3 Bromocresol green (3′,3",5′,5"-tetrabromo- m -cresolsulfonephthalein) C 6 H 4 SO 2 OC(C 6 H-3,5-Br 2 -2-CH 3 -4-OH) 2 Bromocresol purple (5′,5"-Dibromo- o -cresolsulfonephthalein) C 6 H 4 SO 2 OC(C 6 H 2 -3-CH 3 -5-Br-4-OH) 2 Bromine (liquid) Br 2 Bromophenol blue (3′,3",5′,5"-tetrabromophenolsulfonephthalein) C 6 H 4 SO 2 OC(C 6 H 2 -3,5-Br 2 -4-OH) 2 1-Butanol CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH Butyl acetate (normal) CH 3 COOCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 * Cadmium chloride CdCl 2 ·2 1 / 2 H 2 O Cadmium chloride, anhydrous CdCl 2 * † Calcium carbonate (low-boron) CaCO 3 Carbon dioxide (gas) CO 2 Carbon dioxide (solid) CO 2 Carbon tetrachloride CCl 4 Carminic acid 1,3,4-(HO) 3 -2-C 6 H 1 1 O 6 C 6 COC 6 H-5-COOH-6-OH-8-CH 3 CO * Chloroform CHCl 3 Cinchonine C 1 9 H 2 2 N 2 O Citric acid HOC(COOH)(CH 2 COOH) 2 Cobalt metal Co Cobalt sulfate CoSO 4 Coke Congo red test paper Copper metal (99.9 % min) Cu * Copper metal (powder or turnings) Cu Copper metal (P-free) Cu Copper metal (Mn, Ni, and Co-free, less than 0.001 % of each) Cu Copper-rare earth oxide mixture m -Cresol purple ( m -cresolsulfonephthalein) C 6 H 4 SO 2 OC(C 6 H 3 -2-CH 3 -4-OH) 2 Cupferron C 6 H 5 N(NO)ONH 4 Cupric chloride CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O * Cupric nitrate Cu(NO 3 ) 2 ·3H 2 O * Cupric oxide (powder) CuO Cupric potassium chloride CuCl 2 ·2KCl·2H 2 O * Cupric sulfate CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O Curcumin (2-CH 3 OC 6 H 3 -1-OH-4-CH:CHCO) 2 CH 2 Devarda's alloy 50Cu-45Al-5Zn Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid ([[(carboxymethyl)imino]bis(ethylenenenitrilo)] tetraacetic acid) ((HOCOCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 COOH * Dimethylglyoxime CH 3 C:NOHC:NOHCH 3 N,N′ Diphenylbenzidine C 6 H 5 NHC 6 H 4 C 6 H 4 NHC 6 H 5 Diphenylcarbazide (1,5-diphenylcarbohydrazide) C 6 H 5 NHNHCONHNHC 6 H 5 * Disodium (ethylenedinitrilo) tetraacetate dihydrate See (ethylenedinitrilo) tetraacetic acid disodium salt Dithiol (toluene-3,4-dithiol) CH 3 C 6 H 3 (SH) 2 Dithizone (diphenylthiocarbazone) C 6 H 5 NHNHCSN:NC 6 H 5 Eriochrome black-T (1(1-hydroxy-2-naphthylazo)-6-nitro-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid sodium salt) 1-HOC 1 0 H 6 -2-N:N-1-C 1 0 H 4 -2-OH-4-SO 3 Na-6-NO 2 * EDTA (Disodium salt) See (ethylenedinitrilo) tetraacetic acid disodium salt * Ethanol C 2 H 5 OH * Ethyl ether (diethyl ether) C 2 H 5 OC 2 H 5 * (Ethylenedinitrilo) tetraacetic acid disodium salt HOCOCH 2 (NaOCOCH 2 )NCH 2 N(CH 2 COONa)CH 2 COOH·2H 2 O Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (2-methoxy-ethanol) CH 3 OCH 2 CH 2 OH * Ferric chloride FeCl 3 ·6H 2 O * Ferric nitrate Fe(NO 3 ) 3 ·9H 2 O Ferric sulfate Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 · n H 2 O * Ferrous ammonium sulfate Fe(NH 4 ) 2 (SO 4 ) 2 ·6H 2 O * Ferrous sulfate FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O Fluoroboric acid HBF 4 Fluorescein, sodium salt 2NaOCOC 6 H 4 C:C 6 H 3 -3(:O)OC 6 H 3 -6-ONa Formaldehyde HCHO * Formic acid A HCOOH Gelatin Graphite C Glass wool Glycerol CH 2 OHCHOHCH 2 OH Hydrazine sulfate NH 2 NH 2 ·H 2 SO 4 * Hydrobromic acid A HBr * Hydrochloric acid A HCl * Hydrofluoric acid A HF Hydrogen chloride gas HCl * Hydrogen peroxide H 2 O 2 Hydrogen sulfide gas H 2 S Hydroquinone 1,4-(OH) 2 C 6 H 4 * Hydroxylamine hydrochloride NH 2 OH·HCl * Hypophosphorous acid B H 3 PO 2 Invert sugar * Iodine I 2 Iron metal or wire (99.8 % min) Fe Isopropyl ether (CH 3 ) 2 CHOCH(CH 3 ) 2 Lead metal Pb * Lead acetate Pb(CH 3 COO) 2 Lead chloride PbCl 2 * Lead nitrate Pb(NO 3 ) 2 Litmus Lithium fluoride LiF Magnesium metal (Sn-free) Mg Magnesium perchlorate, anhydrous Mg(ClO 4 ) 2 * Magnesium sulfate MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O Manganese metal (99.8 % min) Mn Manganous nitrate Mn(NO 3 ) 2 Manganous sulfate MnSO 4 ·H 2 O Mannitol CH 2 OH(CHOH) 4 CH 2 OH Marble chips * Mercuric chloride HgCl 2 * Mercury Hg * Methanol CH 3 OH Methyl isobutyl ketone (4-methyl-2-pentanone) CH 3 COCH 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 * Methyl orange ( p [[ p -dimethylamino)phenyl]azo]benzenesulfonic acid sodium salt) 4-NaOSO 2 C 6 H 4 N:NC 6 H 4 -4-N(CH 3 ) 2 Methyl purple formula unknown, patented * Methyl red ( o -[[( p -dimethylamino)phenyl]azo]benzoic acid) 4-(CH 3 ) 2 NC 6 H 4 N:NC 6 H 4 -2-COOH Molybdenum metal (99.8 % min) Mo Molybdic acid, anhydride (molybdenum trioxide) MoO 3 Molybdic acid (ammonium paramolybdate) Assay: as MoO 3 —85 % Morin, anhydrous (2′,3,4′,7-penta hydroxyflavone) 5,7-(HO) 2 C 6 H 2 OC(C 6 H 3 -2,4-(OH) 2 ):C(OH)CO β-Naphthoquinoline (5,6-benzoquinoline) C 1 0 H 6 CH:CHCH:N Neocuproine (2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) (CH 3 ) 2 C 12 H 6 N 2 · 12 H 2 O Nickel metal (99.8 % min) Ni Nickel metal (sheet) Ni Nickelous nitrate Ni(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O Nickelous sulfate NiSO 4 ·6H 2 O * Nitric acid A HNO 3 Nitrogen gas (oxygen-free) N 2 Nitrogen, liquid N 2 m -Nitrophenol NO 2 C 6 H 4 OH 1-Nitroso-2-naphthol(α-nitroso-β-naphthol) NOC 1 0 H 6 OH Nitroso-R-salt (1-nitroso-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid disodium salt) 1-NOC 1 0 H 4 -2-(OH)-3,6-(SO 3 Na) 2 Osmium tetraoxide OsO 4 Oxalic acid (COOH) 2 Oxygen gas O 2 * Perchloric acid A HClO 4 1,10-Phenanthroline ( o -phenanthroline) CH:CHCH:NC:CCH:CHC:CN:CHCH:CH·H 2 O * Phenolphthalein C 6 H 4 COOC(C 6 H 4 -4-OH) 2 * Phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4 Piperidine NH(CH 2 ) 4 CH 2 Platinized quartz Platinized silica gel Platinum gauze Pt * Potassium biphthalate 1-KOCOC 6 H 4 -2-COOH Potassium bisulfate KHSO 4 * Potassium bromate KBrO 3 * Potassium bromide KBr * Potassium chlorate KClO 3 * Potassium chloride KCl * Potassium chromate K 2 CrO 4 Potassium columbate 4K 2 O·3Cb 2 O 5 ·16H 2 O * Potassium cyanide KCN * Potassium dichromate K 2 Cr 2 O 7 * Potassium ferricyanide K 3 Fe(CN) 6 Potassium ferrocyanide K 4 Fe(CN) 6 ·3H 2 O * Potassium fluoride KF·2H 2 O * Potassium hydroxide KOH * Potassium iodate KIO 3 * Potassium iodide KI Potassium iodide starch paper * Potassium nitrate KNO 3 * Potassium m -periodate KIO 4 * Potassium permanganate KMnO 4 Potassium persulfate K 2 S 2 O 8 Potassium phosphate, monobasic KH 2 PO 4 * Potassium pyrosulfate K 2 S 2 O 7 * Potassium sulfate K 2 SO 4 Potassium tantalum fluoride K 2 TaF Potassium thiocarbonate K 2 CS 3 * Potassium thiocyanate KSCN Pyrogallic acid (pyrogallol) C 6 H 3 -1,3-(OH) 3 Quinine sulfate (C 2 0 H 2 4 N 2 O 2 ) 2 ·H 2 SO 4 ·2H 2 O 8-Quinolinol (8-hydroxyquinoline) HOC 6 H 3 N:CHCH:CH Sebacic acid HOCO(CH 2 ) 8 COOH Selenium (powder) Se Silicon dioxide (silica) SiO 2 * Silver nitrate AgNO 3 Soda-lime Soda-mica mineral (CO 2 absorbent) Sodium acetate CH 3 COONa Sodium arsenite NaAsO 2 Sodium azide NaN 3 * Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO 3 * Sodium bismuthate NaBiO 3 Sodium bisulfate see sodium hydrogen sulfate * Sodium bisulfate, fused see sodium hydrogen sulfate, fused Sodium bisulfite NaHSO 3 * Sodium borate Na 2 B 4 O 7 ·10H 2 O * Sodium carbonate, anhydrous Na 2 CO 3 Sodium chlorate NaClO 3 Sodium chloride NaCl Sodium citrate HOC(COONa)(CH 2 COONa) 2 ·2H 2 O Sodium cyanide NaCN Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (C 2 H 5 ) 2 NCSSNa·3H 2 O Sodium dimethylglyoximate CH 3 C(:NONa)C(:NONa)CH 3 ·8H 2 O Sodium diphenylamine sulfonate C 6 H 5 NHC 6 H 4 -4-SO 3 Na Sodium dithionite (hydrosulfite) Na 2 S 2 O 4 * Sodium fluoride NaF Sodium hydrogen sulfate NaHSO 4 Sodium hydrogen sulfate, fused A mixture of Na 2 S 2 O 7 and NaHSO 4 * Sodium hydroxide NaOH Sodium hypophosphite NaH 2 PO 2 ·H 2 O Sodium molybdate Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O Sodium nitrate NaNO 3 Sodium nitrite NaNO 2 Sodium oxalate NaOCOCOONa Sodium perchlorate NaClO 4 Sodium peroxide Na 2 O 2 Sodium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous Na 2 HPO 4 Sodium pyrophosphate Na 4 P 2 O 7 ·10H 2 O Sodium pyrosulfate Na 2 S 2 O 7 Sodium sulfate, anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 Sodium sulfide Na 2 S·9H 2 O Sodium sulfite Na 2 SO 3 ·7H 2 O Sodium sulfite, anhydrous Na 2 SO 3 Sodium thiocyanate NaSCN * Sodium thiosulfate Na 2 S 2 O 3 ·5H 2 O * Sodium tungstate Na 2 WO 4 ·2H 2 O * Stannous chloride SnCl 2 ·2H 2 O * Starch (C 6 H 1 0 O 5 ) x Succinic acid HOCOCH 2 CH 2 COOH Sulfamic acid NH 2 SO 3 H Sulfatoceric acid (ceric sulfate) H 4 Ce(SO 4 ) 4 5-Sulfosalicylic acid 2-HOC 6 H 3 -1-COOH-5-SO 3 H·2H 2 O Sulfur dioxide gas SO 2 * Sulfuric acid A H 2 SO 4 * Sulfurous acid A H 2 SO 3 Talc * Tartaric acid HOCO(CHOH) 2 COOH Test lead Pb Tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 ) 4 NOH Thioglycollic acid (mercaptoacetic acid) CH 2 SHCOOH Thiourea NH 2 CSNH 2 Tin metal (99.9 %min) Sn Titanium dioxide TiO 2 Titanium metal (low Sn) Ti Triethanolamine (2,2′,2"-nitrilotriethanol) (CH 2 OHCH 2 ) 3 N Uranium oxide U 3 O 8 * Uranyl nitrate UO 2 (NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O Urea NH 2 CONH 2 Zinc (99.9 % min) Zn Zinc metal (S-free) Zn Zinc oxide ZnO Zinc sulfate ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O Zirconium oxide ZrO 2 Zirconium metal Zr Zirconyl chloride ZrOCl 2 ·8H 2 O (A) * Reagent on which ACS specifications exist. † ACS specification exists but does not cover all requirements. For concentration of laboratory reagent, see Table 2 . (B) Contains at least 50 % H 3 PO 2 . 4.2 It is assumed that the users of these practices will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly-equipped laboratory.