학술논문
MANTA: A Negative-Triangularity NASEM-Compliant Fusion Pilot Plant
Document Type
Working Paper
Author
MANTA Collaboration; Rutherford, G.; Wilson, H. S.; Saltzman, A.; Arnold, D.; Ball, J. L.; Benjamin, S.; Bielajew, R.; de Boucaud, N.; Calvo-Carrera, M.; Chandra, R.; Choudhury, H.; Cummings, C.; Corsaro, L.; DaSilva, N.; Diab, R.; Devitre, A. R.; Ferry, S.; Frank, S. J.; Hansen, C. J.; Jerkins, J.; Johnson, J. D.; Lunia, P.; van de Lindt, J.; Mackie, S.; Maris, A. D.; Mandell, N. R.; Miller, M. A.; Mouratidis, T.; Nelson, A. O.; Pharr, M.; Peterson, E. E.; Rodriguez-Fernandez, P.; Segantin, S.; Tobin, M.; Velberg, A.; Wang, A. M.; Wigram, M.; Witham, J.; Paz-Soldan, C.; Whyte, D. G.
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Subject
Language
Abstract
The MANTA (Modular Adjustable Negative Triangularity ARC-class) design study investigated how negative-triangularity (NT) may be leveraged in a compact, fusion pilot plant (FPP) to take a ``power-handling first" approach. The result is a pulsed, radiative, ELM-free tokamak that satisfies and exceeds the FPP requirements described in the 2021 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine report ``Bringing Fusion to the U.S. Grid". A self-consistent integrated modeling workflow predicts a fusion power of 450 MW and a plasma gain of 11.5 with only 23.5 MW of power to the scrape-off layer (SOL). This low $P_\text{SOL}$ together with impurity seeding and high density at the separatrix results in a peak heat flux of just 2.8 MW/m$^{2}$. MANTA's high aspect ratio provides space for a large central solenoid (CS), resulting in ${\sim}$15 minute inductive pulses. In spite of the high B fields on the CS and the other REBCO-based magnets, the electromagnetic stresses remain below structural and critical current density limits. Iterative optimization of neutron shielding and tritium breeding blanket yield tritium self-sufficiency with a breeding ratio of 1.15, a blanket power multiplication factor of 1.11, toroidal field coil lifetimes of $3100 \pm 400$ MW-yr, and poloidal field coil lifetimes of at least $890 \pm 40$ MW-yr. Following balance of plant modeling, MANTA is projected to generate 90 MW of net electricity at an electricity gain factor of ${\sim}2.4$. Systems-level economic analysis estimates an overnight cost of US\$3.4 billion, meeting the NASEM FPP requirement that this first-of-a-kind be less than US\$5 billion. The toroidal field coil cost and replacement time are the most critical upfront and lifetime cost drivers, respectively.