학술논문
Bone morphogenetic protein 9: a potent modulator of cartilage development in vitro.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Blunk T; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.; Sieminski AL; Appel B; Croft C; Courter DL; Chieh JJ; Goepferich A; Khurana JS; Gooch KJ
Source
Publisher: Informa Healthcare Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9000468 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 0897-7194 (Print) Linking ISSN: 08977194 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Growth Factors Subsets: MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
ISSN
0897-7194
Abstract
Few publications describe the activity of bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP-9), but the consensus of these largely in vivo studies is that while BMP-9 can induce ectopic bone formation at relatively large concentrations, it is primarily active in non-skeletal locations--including the liver, nervous system and marrow. To study the effects of BMP-9 on chondrogenesis in a well-defined environment, calf articular chondrocytes were seeded onto biodegradable PGA scaffolds. The resulting cell-polymer constructs were cultured in either control medium or medium supplemented with 1, 10, 50 or 100 ng/ml of BMP-9. After 4 weeks of in vitro culture, all concentrations of BMP-9 increased the total mass of the constructs, and the amounts of collagen, glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and cells per construct. On a mass percentage basis, BMP-9 tended to increase GAG, to decrease the relative amount of collagen and had little effect on the relative amount of cells. BMP-9 elicited qualitatively similar responses as BMP-2, -12 and -13. However, in contrast to BMP-12 and -13, BMP-9 (at concentrations > or = 10 ng/ml) induced hypertrophic chondrocyte formation and was the only BMP tested to induce mineralization. Taken together, these data suggest that BMP-9 is a potent modulator of cartilage development in vitro.