학술논문

Limits to Gauge Coupling in the Dark Sector Set by the Nonobservation of Instanton-Induced Decay of Super-Heavy Dark Matter in the Pierre Auger Observatory Data.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Abreu P; Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal.; Aglietta M; Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy.; INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy.; Albury JM; University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia.; Allekotte I; Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina.; Almeida Cheminant K; Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland.; Almela A; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Aloisio R; Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy.; INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy.; Alvarez-Muñiz J; Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.; Alves Batista R; IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.; Ammerman Yebra J; Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.; Anastasi GA; Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy.; INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy.; Anchordoqui L; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA.; Andrada B; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Andringa S; Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal.; Aramo C; INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy.; Araújo Ferreira PR; RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany.; Arnone E; INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy.; Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy.; Arteaga Velázquez JC; Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México.; Asorey H; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Assis P; Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal.; Avila G; Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina.; Avocone E; Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy.; Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy.; Badescu AM; University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.; Bakalova A; Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.; Balaceanu A; 'Horia Hulubei' National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.; Barbato F; Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy.; INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy.; Bellido JA; University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia.; Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru.; Berat C; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France.; Bertaina ME; INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy.; Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy.; Bhatta G; Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland.; Biermann PL; Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany.; Binet V; Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina.; Bismark K; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Bister T; RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany.; Biteau J; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France.; Blazek J; Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.; Bleve C; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France.; Blümer J; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Boháčová M; Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.; Boncioli D; INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy.; Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy.; Bonifazi C; International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, ECyT-UNSAM and CONICET, Campus Miguelete-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.; Bonneau Arbeletche L; Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil.; Borodai N; Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland.; Botti AM; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Brack J; Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.; Bretz T; RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany.; Brichetto Orchera PG; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Briechle FL; RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany.; Buchholz P; Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany.; Bueno A; Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain.; Buitink S; Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.; Buscemi M; INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy.; Büsken M; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Caballero-Mora KS; Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México.; Caccianiga L; Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy.; INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy.; Canfora F; IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.; Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands.; Caracas I; Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany.; Caruso R; INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy.; Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Ettore Majorana,' Catania, Italy.; Castellina A; Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy.; INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy.; Catalani F; Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, SP, Brazil.; Cataldi G; INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy.; Cazon L; Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.; Cerda M; Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina.; Chinellato JA; Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil.; Chudoba J; Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.; Chytka L; Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic.; Clay RW; University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia.; Cobos Cerutti AC; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina.; Colalillo R; INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy.; Università di Napoli 'Federico II,' Dipartimento di Fisica 'Ettore Pancini,' Napoli, Italy.; Coleman A; University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA.; Coluccia MR; INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy.; Conceição R; Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal.; Condorelli A; Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy.; INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy.; Consolati G; INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy.; Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy.; Contreras F; Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina.; Convenga F; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Correia Dos Santos D; Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil.; Covault CE; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.; Dasso S; Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Daumiller K; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Dawson BR; University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia.; Day JA; University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia.; de Almeida RM; Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil.; de Jesús J; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; de Jong SJ; IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.; Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands.; de Mello Neto JRT; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.; De Mitri I; Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy.; INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy.; de Oliveira J; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Brazil.; de Oliveira Franco D; Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil.; de Palma F; INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy.; Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica 'E. De Giorgi,' Lecce, Italy.; de Souza V; Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.; De Vito E; INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy.; Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica 'E. De Giorgi,' Lecce, Italy.; Del Popolo A; INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy.; Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Ettore Majorana,' Catania, Italy.; Del Río M; Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina.; Deligny O; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France.; Deval L; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; di Matteo A; INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy.; Dobre M; 'Horia Hulubei' National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.; Dobrigkeit C; Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil.; D'Olivo JC; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México.; Domingues Mendes LM; Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal.; Dos Anjos RC; Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil.; Dova MT; IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.; Ebr J; Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.; Engel R; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Epicoco I; INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy.; Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica 'E. De Giorgi,' Lecce, Italy.; Erdmann M; RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany.; Escobar CO; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA.; Etchegoyen A; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Falcke H; IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.; Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands.; Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, Netherlands.; Farmer J; University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA.; Farrar G; New York University, New York, New York, USA.; Fauth AC; Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil.; Fazzini N; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA.; Feldbusch F; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Fenu F; INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy.; Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy.; Fick B; Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA.; Figueira JM; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Filipčič A; Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.; Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia.; Fitoussi T; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Fodran T; IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.; Fujii T; University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA.; Present address: Hakubi Center for Advanced Research and Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.; Fuster A; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Galea C; IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.; Galelli C; Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy.; INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy.; García B; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina.; Garcia Vegas AL; RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany.; Gemmeke H; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Gesualdi F; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Gherghel-Lascu A; 'Horia Hulubei' National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.; Ghia PL; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France.; Giaccari U; IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.; Giammarchi M; INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy.; Glombitza J; RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany.; Gobbi F; Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina.; Gollan F; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Golup G; Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina.; Gómez Berisso M; Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina.; Gómez Vitale PF; Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina.; Gongora JP; Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina.; González JM; Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina.; González N; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.; Goos I; Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina.; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Góra D; Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland.; Gorgi A; Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy.; INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy.; Gottowik M; Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany.; Grubb TD; University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia.; Guarino F; INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy.; Università di Napoli 'Federico II,' Dipartimento di Fisica 'Ettore Pancini,' Napoli, Italy.; Guedes GP; Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil.; Guido E; INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy.; Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy.; Hahn S; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Hamal P; Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.; Hampel MR; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Hansen P; IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.; Harari D; Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina.; Harvey VM; University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia.; Haungs A; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Hebbeker T; RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany.; Heck D; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Hill GC; University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia.; Hojvat C; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA.; Hörandel JR; IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.; Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands.; Horvath P; Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic.; Hrabovský M; Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic.; Huege T; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.; Insolia A; INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy.; Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Ettore Majorana,' Catania, Italy.; Isar PG; Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.; Janecek P; Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.; Johnsen JA; Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA.; Jurysek J; Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.; Kääpä A; Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany.; Kampert KH; Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany.; Keilhauer B; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Khakurdikar A; IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.; Kizakke Covilakam VV; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Klages HO; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Kleifges M; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Kleinfeller J; Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina.; Knapp F; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Kunka N; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Lago BL; Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Nova Friburgo, Brazil.; Langner N; RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany.; Leigui de Oliveira MA; Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.; Lenok V; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Letessier-Selvon A; Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France.; Lhenry-Yvon I; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France.; Lo Presti D; INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy.; Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Ettore Majorana,' Catania, Italy.; Lopes L; Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal.; López R; Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México.; Lu L; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.; Luce Q; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Lundquist JP; Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia.; Machado Payeras A; Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil.; Mancarella G; INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy.; Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica 'E. De Giorgi,' Lecce, Italy.; Mandat D; Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.; Manning BC; University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia.; Manshanden J; Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany.; Mantsch P; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA.; Marafico S; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France.; Mariani FM; Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy.; INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy.; Mariazzi AG; IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.; Mariş IC; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.; Marsella G; INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy.; Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica 'E. Segrè,' Palermo, Italy.; Martello D; INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy.; Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica 'E. De Giorgi,' Lecce, Italy.; Martinelli S; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Martínez Bravo O; Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México.; Mastrodicasa M; INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy.; Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy.; Mathes HJ; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Matthews J; Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.; Matthiae G; Università di Roma 'Tor Vergata,' Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy.; INFN, Sezione di Roma 'Tor Vergata,' Roma, Italy.; Mayotte E; Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany.; Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA.; Mayotte S; Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA.; Mazur PO; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA.; Medina-Tanco G; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México.; Melo D; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Menshikov A; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Michal S; Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic.; Micheletti MI; Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina.; Miramonti L; Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy.; INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy.; Mollerach S; Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina.; Montanet F; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France.; Morejon L; Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany.; Morello C; Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy.; INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy.; Mostafá M; Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.; Müller AL; Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.; Muller MA; Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil.; Mulrey K; IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.; Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands.; Mussa R; INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy.; Muzio M; New York University, New York, New York, USA.; Namasaka WM; Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany.; Nasr-Esfahani A; Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany.; Nellen L; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México.; Nicora G; Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina.; Niculescu-Oglinzanu M; 'Horia Hulubei' National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.; Niechciol M; Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany.; Nitz D; Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA.; Norwood I; Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA.; Nosek D; Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic.; Novotny V; Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic.; Nožka L; Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic.; Nucita A; INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy.; Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica 'E. De Giorgi,' Lecce, Italy.; Núñez LA; Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.; Oliveira C; Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.; Palatka M; Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.; Pallotta J; Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina.; Papenbreer P; Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany.; Parente G; Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.; Parra A; Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México.; Pawlowsky J; Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany.; Pech M; Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.; Pękala J; Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland.; Pelayo R; Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, D.F., México.; Peña-Rodriguez J; Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.; Pereira Martins EE; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Perez Armand J; Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.; Pérez Bertolli C; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Perrone L; INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy.; Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica 'E. De Giorgi,' Lecce, Italy.; Petrera S; Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy.; INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy.; Petrucci C; INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy.; Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy.; Pierog T; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Pimenta M; Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal.; Pirronello V; INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy.; Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia 'Ettore Majorana,' Catania, Italy.; Platino M; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Pont B; IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.; Pothast M; IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.; Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands.; Privitera P; University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA.; Prouza M; Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.; Puyleart A; Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA.; Querchfeld S; Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany.; Rautenberg J; Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany.; Ravignani D; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Reininghaus M; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Ridky J; Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.; Riehn F; Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal.; Risse M; Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany.; Rizi V; INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy.; Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy.; Rodrigues de Carvalho W; IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.; Rodriguez Rojo J; Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina.; Roncoroni MJ; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Rossoni S; Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany.; Roth M; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Roulet E; Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina.; Rovero AC; Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Ruehl P; Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany.; Saftoiu A; 'Horia Hulubei' National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.; Saharan M; IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.; Salamida F; INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy.; Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy.; Salazar H; Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México.; Salina G; INFN, Sezione di Roma 'Tor Vergata,' Roma, Italy.; Sanabria Gomez JD; Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.; Sánchez F; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Santos EM; Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.; Santos E; Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.; Sarazin F; Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA.; Sarmento R; Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal.; Sarmiento-Cano C; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Sato R; Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina.; Savina P; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.; Schäfer CM; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Scherini V; INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy.; Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica 'E. De Giorgi,' Lecce, Italy.; Schieler H; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Schimassek M; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Schimp M; Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany.; Schlüter F; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Schmidt D; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Scholten O; Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.; Schoorlemmer H; IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.; Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands.; Schovánek P; Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.; Schröder FG; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA.; Schulte J; RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany.; Schulz T; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Sciutto SJ; IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.; Scornavacche M; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Segreto A; INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy.; Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy.; Sehgal S; Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany.; Shellard RC; Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.; Sigl G; Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany.; Silli G; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Sima O; 'Horia Hulubei' National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.; Also at University of Bucharest, Physics Department, Bucharest, Romania.; Smau R; 'Horia Hulubei' National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.; Šmída R; University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA.; Sommers P; Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.; Soriano JF; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA.; Squartini R; Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina.; Stadelmaier M; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Stanca D; 'Horia Hulubei' National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.; Stanič S; Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia.; Stasielak J; Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland.; Stassi P; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France.; Streich A; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Suárez-Durán M; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.; Sudholz T; University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia.; Suomijärvi T; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France.; Supanitsky AD; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Szadkowski Z; University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics, Łódź, Poland.; Tapia A; Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia.; Taricco C; INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy.; Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy.; Timmermans C; IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.; Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands.; Tkachenko O; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Tobiska P; Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.; Todero Peixoto CJ; Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, SP, Brazil.; Tomé B; Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal.; Torrès Z; Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France.; Travaini A; Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina.; Travnicek P; Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.; Trimarelli C; INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy.; Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy.; Tueros M; IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.; Ulrich R; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Unger M; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Vaclavek L; Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic.; Vacula M; Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic.; Valdés Galicia JF; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México.; Valore L; INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy.; Università di Napoli 'Federico II,' Dipartimento di Fisica 'Ettore Pancini,' Napoli, Italy.; Varela E; Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México.; Vásquez-Ramírez A; Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.; Veberič D; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Ventura C; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.; Vergara Quispe ID; IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.; Verzi V; INFN, Sezione di Roma 'Tor Vergata,' Roma, Italy.; Vicha J; Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.; Vink J; Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands.; Vorobiov S; Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia.; Wahlberg H; IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.; Watanabe C; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.; Watson AA; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.; Weindl A; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.; Wiencke L; Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA.; Wilczyński H; Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland.; Wittkowski D; Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany.; Wundheiler B; Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Yushkov A; Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.; Zapparrata O; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.; Zas E; Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.; Zavrtanik D; Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.; Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia.; Zavrtanik M; Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.; Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia.; Zehrer L; Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia.
Source
Publisher: American Physical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0401141 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1079-7114 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00319007 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Phys Rev Lett Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE; MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
Instantons, which are nonperturbative solutions to Yang-Mills equations, provide a signal for the occurrence of quantum tunneling between distinct classes of vacua. They can give rise to decays of particles otherwise forbidden. Using data collected at the Pierre Auger Observatory, we search for signatures of such instanton-induced processes that would be suggestive of super-heavy particles decaying in the Galactic halo. These particles could have been produced during the post-inflationary epoch and match the relic abundance of dark matter inferred today. The nonobservation of the signatures searched for allows us to derive a bound on the reduced coupling constant of gauge interactions in the dark sector: α_{X}≲0.09, for 10^{9}≲M_{X}/GeV<10^{19}. Conversely, we obtain that, for instance, a reduced coupling constant α_{X}=0.09 excludes masses M_{X}≳3×10^{13}  GeV. In the context of dark matter production from gravitational interactions alone, we illustrate how these bounds are complementary to those obtained on the Hubble rate at the end of inflation from the nonobservation of tensor modes in the cosmological microwave background.