부산대학교 도서관

Mancozeb is a dithiocarbamate non-systemic fungicide widely used to control fungal diseases of plants, commonly applied in apple orchards in Brazil. Instead of its common use, there are no reports about the risk to non-target organisms in Brazilian soils. We studied the risk of Mancozeb (in the commercial formulation Dithane® NT) for standard invertebrate species (Folsomia candida , Eisenia andrei and Enchytraeus crypticus) in two subtropical Brazilian soils, Oxisol and Ultisol, which are representative of apple production areas in Brazil. Reproduction and survival tests were carried out following ISO guidelines. Results showed that Mancozeb in Oxisol reduced the survival and reproduction of collembolans (LC 50 54.43 and EC 50 2.72 mg a.i. kg-1) and enchytraeids (LC 50 6.97 and EC 50 3.56 mg a.i. kg-1), in lowest values than those observed in Ultisol (F. candida LC 50 > 1000 and EC 50 > 100 mg a.i. kg-1; E. crypticus LC 50 280.21 and EC 50 29.67). Effects to E. andrei were similar in both soils and indicated a lower sensitivity of this species to Mancozeb. The species F. candida and E. crypticus were more sensitive than E. andrei. These results reinforce the need to include other soil organisms besides earthworms, using chronical endpoints and considering different types of soils, to better predict the risk of pesticides for subtropical soils. • Mancozeb offer a risk to key-groups of non-target species in subtropical soils. • F. candida and E. crypticus were the most sensitive speciesto Mancozeb. • Tests with earthworms were insufficient to protect other non-target invertebrates populations. • A multicriteria approach (soil types and organisms) is needed for pesticides risk assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]