학술논문


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발행년
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(예 : 2010-2015)
전자자료 공정이용 안내

우리 대학 도서관에서 구독·제공하는 모든 전자자료(데이터베이스, 전자저널, 전자책 등)는 국내외 저작권법과 출판사와의 라이선스 계약에 따라 엄격하게 보호를 받고 있습니다.
전자자료의 비정상적 이용은 출판사로부터의 경고, 서비스 차단, 손해배상 청구 등 학교 전체에 심각한 불이익을 초래할 수 있으므로, 아래의 공정이용 지침을 반드시 준수해 주시기 바랍니다.

공정이용 지침
  • 전자자료는 개인의 학습·교육·연구 목적의 비영리적 사용에 한하여 이용할 수 있습니다.
  • 합리적인 수준의 다운로드 및 출력만 허용됩니다. (일반적으로 동일 PC에서 동일 출판사의 논문을 1일 30건 이하 다운로드할 것을 권장하며, 출판사별 기준에 따라 다를 수 있습니다.)
  • 출판사에서 제공한 논문의 URL을 수업 관련 웹사이트에 게재할 수 있으나, 출판사 원문 파일 자체를 복제·배포해서는 안 됩니다.
  • 본인의 ID/PW를 타인에게 제공하지 말고, 도용되지 않도록 철저히 관리해 주시기 바랍니다.
불공정 이용 사례
  • 전자적·기계적 수단(다운로딩 프로그램, 웹 크롤러, 로봇, 매크로, RPA 등)을 이용한 대량 다운로드
  • 동일 컴퓨터 또는 동일 IP에서 단시간 내 다수의 원문을 집중적으로 다운로드하거나, 전권(whole issue) 다운로드
  • 저장·출력한 자료를 타인에게 배포하거나 개인 블로그·웹하드 등에 업로드
  • 상업적·영리적 목적으로 자료를 전송·복제·활용
  • ID/PW를 타인에게 양도하거나 타인 계정을 도용하여 이용
  • EndNote, Mendeley 등 서지관리 프로그램의 Find Full Text 기능을 이용한 대량 다운로드
  • 출판사 콘텐츠를 생성형 AI 시스템에서 활용하는 행위(업로드, 개발, 학습, 프로그래밍, 개선 또는 강화 등)
위반 시 제재
  • 출판사에 의한 해당 IP 또는 기관 전체 접속 차단
  • 출판사 배상 요구 시 위반자 개인이 배상 책임 부담
'학술논문' 에서 검색결과 106건 | 목록 1~20
Academic Journal
Shah, PSLui, KReichman, BNorman, MKusuda, SLehtonen, LAdams, MVento, MDarlow, BAModi, NRusconi, FHakansson, SSan Feliciano, LHelenius, KKBassler, DHirano, SLee, SKMarshall, PSchmidt, PDhawan, ACraven, PDe Waal, KSimmer, KGill, APillow, JStack, JBirch, PCooke, LCasalaz, DHolberton, JStewart, ADowne, LStewart, MBajuk, BBerry, AHunt, RKilburn, CDe Paoli, TBolisetty, SParadisis, MRieger, IKoorts, PKuschel, CNuma, ACarlisle, HBadawi, NLoughran-Fowlds, AKoh, GDavis, JLuig, MAndersen, CChambers, GAustin, NLynn, ADarlow, BEdmonds, LMildenhall, LBuksh, MBattin, MVan den Boom, JBourchier, DRichardson, VDineen, FRajadurai, VSFung, GHarrison, ASynnes, ATing, JCieslak, ZSherlock, RYee, WAziz, KToye, JFajardo, CKalapesi, ZSankaran, KDaspal, SSeshia, MAlvaro, RMukerji, ADa Silva, ONwaesei, CLee, K-SDunn, MLemyre, BDow, KPelausa, EBarrington, KDrolet, CPiedboeuf, BClaveau, MBeltempo, MBertelle, VMasse, ECanning, RMabry, HOjah, CMonterrosa, LDeshpandey, AAfifi, JKajetanowicz, AAndersson, STammela, OSankilampi, USaarela, TPrazad, PNoguchi, AMcWan, KButton, BStratton, WHamvus, ARaghaven, ADerrick, MHadley, RCovert, RLablanc, OWeiss, MBell, AShareef, MSilvestri, JHeymann, EZangen, SSmolkin, TMimouni, FBader, DRothschild, AStrauss, ZFelszer, COman, HToy-Friedman, SEBar-Oz, BFeldman, MSaad, NFlidel-Rimon, OWeisbrod, MLubin, DLitmanovitz, IKngelman, AShinwell, EKlinger, GNijim, YBin-Nun, AGolan, AMandel, DFleisher-Sheffer, VKohelet, DBakhrakh, LHattori, SShirai, MIshioka, TMori, TAmiznka, THuchimukai, TYoshida, HSasaki, AShimizu, JNakamura, TMaruyama, MMatsumoto, HHosokawa, STaki, ANakagawa, MKo, KUozumi, ANakata, SShimazaki, AYoda, TNumata, OImamura, HKobayashi, ATokuriki, SUchida, YArai, TIto, MIeda, KOno, THayashi, MMaki, KYamakawa, MKawai, MFujii, NShiomi, KNozaki, KWada, HKim, TTokunaga, YTakatera, AOshima, TSumida, HMichinomae, YKnsumoto, YYoshimoto, SMorisawa, TOhashi, TTakahashi, YSugimoto, MOno, NMiyagawa, SSaijo, TYamagami, TKoyano, KKobayashi, SKanda, TSakemi, YAoki, MIida, KGoshi, MMaruyama, YAvila-Alvarez, ALuis Fernandez-Trisac, JCouce Pico, MLFernandez Seara, MJMartinez Gutierrez, AVizcaino, CSalvador Iglesias, MSanchez Zaplana, HFernandez Colomer, BGarcia Lopez, JEGarcia Mozo, RGonzalez Martinez, MTMuro Sebastian, MDBalart Carbonell, MBadia Bamnsell, JDomingo Puiggros, MFigueras Aloy, JBotet Mussons, FAnquela Sanz, IGinovart Galiana, GCoroleu, WIriondo, MVilella, LCPorta, RDemestre, XMartinez Nadal, SDe Frutos Martinez, CLopez Cuesta, MJEsquivel Mora, DOrtiz Tardio, JBenavente, IAlonso, AAguilera Olmos, RGarcia Cabezas, MAMartinez Jimenez, MDJaraba Caballero, MFOrdofiez Diaz, MDFagundo, ATCanals, LMGarcia-Munoz Rodrigo, FUrquia Marti, LMoreno Galdo, MFHurtado Suazo, JANarbona Lopez, EUberos Fernandez, JCortajarena Altana, MAMora Navarro, DTeresa Dominguez, MRuiz del Prado, MYEsteban Diez, IPalau Benavides, MTLapena, SPrada, TSoler Mir, ECorredera Sanchez, ACriado Vega, EDel Prado, NFernandez, CCabanillas Vilaplana, LCuadrado Perez, ILopez Gomez, LDomingo Comeche, LLlana Martin, IGonzalez Armengod, CMunoz Labian, CSantos Munoz, MJBlanco Bravo, DPerez, VElorza Fernandez, MDDiaz Gonzalez, CAres Segura, SLopez Azorin, MBelen Jimenez, ASanchez-Tamayo, TTapia Moreno, EGonzalez, MSanchez Martinez, JELloreda Garcia, JMGoni Orayen, CVilas Gonzalez, JSuarez Albo, MGonzalez Colmenero, EGutierrez Gonzalez, EPVacas del Arco, BMarquez Fernandez, JAcosta Gordillo, LGranero Asensio, MMacias Diaz, CAlbujar, MFuster Jorge, PRomero, SRivero Falero, MEscobar Izquierdo, ABEstan Capell, JIzquierdo Macian, MIMontejo Vicente, MMIzquierdo Caballero, RMercedes Martinez, MEuba, ARodriguez Serna, ADe Heredia Goya, JMLPerez Legorburu, AGutierrez Amoros, AMarugan Isabel, VMHernandez Gonzalez, NRite Gracia, SVentura Faci, MPSamper Villagrasa, MPKofron, JBrodd, KSOdlind, AAlberg, LArwehed, SHafstrom, OKasemo, ANederman, KAhman, LIngemarsson, FPetersson, HThum, PAlbinsson, ESelander, BAbrahamsson, THeimdahl, ISveinsdottir, KWejryd, EHedlund, ASoderberg, MKHallberg, BBrune, TBackstrom, JRobinson, JFarooqi, ANormann, EFredriksson, MPalm, ARosenqvist, UHagman, COhlin, AFloral, RSmedsaas-Lofvenberg, AMeyer, PAnderegg, CSchulzke, SNelle, MWagner, BRiedel, TKaczala, GWalde, BPfister, RETolsa, J-FRoth, MStocker, MLaubscher, BMalzacher, AMicallef, JPHegi, LArlettaz, RBernet, VDani, CFiorini, PBoldrini, ATomasini, BMittal, AKefas, JKamalanathan, AJayachandranYoxall, BMcBride, TWebb, DGarr, RHassan, AAmbadkar, PDyke, MMcDevitt, KRewitzky, GD'Amore, APanasa, NSettle, PMaddock, NEdi-Osagie, NZipitis, CHeal, CBirch, JHasib, ASoe, AKumar, NKisat, HVasu, VLama, MGupta, RRawlingson, CWickham, TTheron, MKendall, GGupta, AAladangady, NAli, IAlsford, LLopez, WMurthy, VSullivan, CThomas, MBate, TGodambe, SWatts, TKuna, JChang, JPai, VHuddy, CYasin, SNicholl, RPandey, PKairamkonda, VMuogbo, DHarry, LSimmons, PNycyk, JGallagher, APillay, TDeshpande, SMahadevanMoore, AClark, SGarbash, MLal, MAbu-Harb, MAllwood, ASelter, MMunyard, PBartle, DPaul, SWhincup, GMallik, AAmess, PGodden, CReynolds, PMisra, IDe Halpert, PSalgia, SSanghavi, RWigfield, RDeketelaere, AKhashu, MHall, MGroves, CBrown, NBrennan, NVamvakiti, KMcIntyre, JPirie, SJones, SMannix, PCairns, PEaton, MSchwarz, KGibson, DMiall, LKrishnamurthy
RISalud-ANDALUCIA. Repositorio Institucional de Salud de Andalucía
instname
RUNA. Repositorio da Consellería de Sanidade e Sergas
Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS)
Academic Journal
Zhou, BLu, YHajifathalian, KBentham, JDi Cesare, MDanaei, GBixby, HCowan, MJAli, MKTaddei, CLo, WCReis-Santos, BStevens, GARiley, LMMiranda, JJBjerregaard, PRivera, JAFouad, HMMa, GMbanya, JCMcGarvey, STMohan, VOnat, APilav, ARamachandran, ARomdhane, HBPaciorek, CJBennett, JEEzzati, MAbdeen, ZAAbdul Kadir, KAbu-Rmeileh, NMAcosta-Cazares, BAdams, RAekplakorn, WAguilar-Salinas, CAAgyemang, CAhmadvand, AAl-Othman, ARAlkerwi, AAmouyel, PAmuzu, AAndersen, LBAnderssen, SAAnjana, RMAounallah-Skhiri, HAris, TArlappa, NArveiler, DAssah, FKAvdicová, MAzizi, FBalakrishna, NBandosz, PBarbagallo, CMBarceló, ABatieha, AMBaur, LABenet, MBernabe-Ortiz, ABharadwaj, SBhargava, SKBi, YBjertness, EBjertness, MBBjörkelund, CBlokstra, ABo, SBoehm, BOBoissonnet, CPBovet, PBrajkovich, IBreckenkamp, JBrenner, HBrewster, LMBrian, GRBruno, GBugge, ACabrera de León, ACan, GCândido, APCapuano, VCarlsson, ACCarvalho, MJCasanueva, FFCasas, JPCaserta, CACastetbon, KChamukuttan, SChaturvedi, NChen, CJChen, FChen, SCheng, CYChetrit, AChiou, STCho, YChudek, JCifkova, RClaessens, FConcin, HCooper, CCooper, RCostanzo, SCottel, DCowell, CCrujeiras, ABD'Arrigo, GDallongeville, JDankner, RDauchet, Lde Gaetano, GDe Henauw, SDeepa, MDehghan, ADeschamps, VDhana, KDi Castelnuovo, AFDjalalinia, SDoua, KDrygas, WDu, YDzerve, VEgbagbe, EEEggertsen, REl Ati, JElosua, RErasmus, RTErem, CErgor, GEriksen, LEscobedo-de la Peña, JFall, CHFarzadfar, FFelix-Redondo, FJFerguson, TSFernández-Bergés, DFerrari, MFerreccio, CFeskens, EJFinn, JDFöger, BFoo, LHForslund, ASFrancis, DKFranco Mdo, CFranco, OHFrontera, GFurusawa, TGaciong, ZGarnett, SPGaspoz, JMGasull, MGates, LGeleijnse, JMGhasemian, AGhimire, AGiampaoli, SGianfagna, FGiovannelli, JGiwercman, AGross, MGGonzález Rivas, JPGorbea, MBGottrand, FGrafnetter, DGrodzicki, TGrøntved, AGruden, GGu, DGuan, OPGuerrero, RGuessous, IGuimaraes, ALGutierrez, LHambleton, IRHardy, RHari Kumar, RHata, JHe, JHeidemann, CHerrala, SHihtaniemi, ITHo, SYHo, SCHofman, AHormiga, CMHorta, BLHouti, LHowitt, CHtay, TTHtet, ASHtike, MMHu, YHussieni, ASHuybrechts, IHwalla, NIacoviello, LIannone, AGIbrahim, MMIkeda, NIkram, MAIrazola, VEIslam, MIwasaki, MJacobs, JMJafar, TJamil, KMJasienska, GJiang, CQJonas, JBJoshi, PKafatos, AKalter-Leibovici, OKasaeian, AKatz, JKaur, PKavousi, MKeinänen-Kiukaanniemi, SKelishadi, RKengne, APKersting, MKhader, YSKhalili, DKhang, YHKiechl, SKim, JKolsteren, PKorrovits, PKratzer, WKromhout, DKujala, UMKula, KKyobutungi, CLaatikainen, TLachat, CLaid, YLam, THLandrove, OLanska, VLappas, GLaxmaiah, ALeclercq, CLee, JLehtimäki, TLekhraj, RLeón-Muñoz, LMLi, YLim, WYLima-Costa, MFLin, HHLin, XLissner, LLorbeer, RLozano, JELuksiene, DLundqvist, ALytsy, PMachado-Coelho, GLMachi, SMaggi, SMagliano, DJMakdisse, MMallikharjuna Rao, KManios, YManzato, EMargozzini, PMarques-Vidal, PMartorell, RMasoodi, SRMathiesen, EBMatsha, TEMcFarlane, SRMcLachlan, SMcNulty, BAMediene-Benchekor, SMeirhaeghe, AMenezes, AMMerat, SMeshram, IIMi, JMiquel, JFMohamed, MKMohammad, KMohammadifard, NMohd Yusoff, MFMøller, NCMolnár, DMondo, CKMorejon, AMoreno, LAMorgan, KMoschonis, GMossakowska, MMostafa, AMota, JMotta, JMu, TTMuiesan, MLMüller-Nurasyid, MMursu, JNagel, GNámešná, JNang, EENangThetia, VBNavarrete-Muñoz, EMNdiaye, NCNenko, INervi, FNguyen, NDNguyen, QNNieto-Martínez, RENing, GNinomiya, TNoale, MNoto, DNsour, MAOchoa-Avilés, AMOh, KOrdunez, POsmond, COtero, JAOwusu-Dabo, EPahomova, EPalmieri, LPanda-Jonas, SPanza, FParsaeian, MPeixoto, SVPelletier, CPeltonen, MPeters, APeykari, NPham, STPitakaka, FPiwonska, APiwonski, JPlans-Rubió, PPorta, MPortegies, MLPoustchi, HPradeepa, RPrice, JFPunab, MQasrawi, RFQorbani, MRadisauskas, RRahman, MRaitakari, ORao, SRRamke, JRamos, RRampal, SRathmann, WRedon, JReganit, PFRigo, FRobinson, SMRobitaille, CRodríguez-Artalejo, FRodriguez-Perez Mdel, CRodríguez-Villamizar, LARojas-Martinez, RRonkainen, KRosengren, ARubinstein, ARui, ORuiz-Betancourt, BSRusso Horimoto, RVRutkowski, MSabanayagam, CSachdev, HSSaidi, OSakarya, SSalanave, BSalonen, JTSalvetti, MSánchez-Abanto, JSantos, Ddos Santos, RNSantos, RSaramies, JLSardinha, LBSarrafzadegan, NSaum, KUScazufca, MSchargrodsky, HScheidt-Nave, CSein, AASharma, SKShaw, JEShibuya, KShin, YShiri, RSiantar, RSibai, AMSimon, MSimons, JSimons, LASjostrom, MSlowikowska-Hilczer, JSlusarczyk, PSmeeth, LSnijder, MBSo, HKSobngwi, ESöderberg, SSolfrizzi, VSonestedt, ESoumare, AStaessen, JAStathopoulou, MGSteene-Johannessen, JStehle, PStein, ADStessman, JStöckl, DStokwiszewski, JStronks, KStrufaldi, MWSun, CASundström, JSung, YTSuriyawongpaisal, PSy, RGTai, ESTamosiunas, ATang, LTarawneh, MTarqui-Mamani, CBTaylor, ATheobald, HThijs, LThuesen, BHTolonen, HKTolstrup, JSTopbas, MTorrent, MTraissac, PTrinh, OTTulloch-Reid, MKTuomainen, TPTurley, MLTzourio, CUeda, PUkoli, FAUlmer, HUusitalo, HMValdivia, GValvi, Dvan Rossem, Lvan Valkengoed, IGVanderschueren, DVanuzzo, DVega, TVelasquez-Melendez, GVeronesi, GVerschuren, WMVerstraeten, RViet, LVioque, JVirtanen, JKVisvikis-Siest, SViswanathan, BVollenweider, PVoutilainen, SVrijheid, MWade, ANWagner, AWalton, JWan Mohamud, WNWang, FWang, MDWang, QWang, YXWannamethee, SGWeerasekera, DWhincup, PHWidhalm, KWiecek, AWijga, AHWilks, RJWilleit, JWilsgaard, TWojtyniak, BWong, TYWoo, JWoodward, MWu, FCWu, SLXu, HYan, WYang, XYe, XYoshihara, AYounger-Coleman, NOZambon, SZargar, AHZdrojewski, TZhao, WZheng, YZuñiga Cisneros, J
The Lancet. 387(10027):1513-1530
Academic Journal
Abe, OAbe, REnomoto, KKikuchi, KKoyama, HMasuda, HNomura, YSakai, KSugimachi, KTominaga, TUchino, JYoshida, MHaybittle, JLDavies, CHarvey, VJHoldaway, TMKay, RGMason, BHForbes, JFWilcken, NGnant, MJakesz, RPloner, MYosef, HMAFocan, CLobelle, JPPeek, UOates, GDPowell, JDurand, MMauriac, LDi Leo, ADolci, SPiccart, MJMasood, MBParker, DPrice, JJHupperets, PSGJJackson, SRagaz, JBerry, DBroadwater, GCirrincione, CMuss, HNorton, LWeiss, RBAbu-Zahra, HTPortnoj, SMBaum, MCuzick, JHoughton, JRiley, DGordon, NHDavis, HLBeatrice, AMihura, JNaja, ALehingue, YRomestaing, PDubois, JBDelozier, TMace-Lesec'h, JRambert, PAndrysek, OBarkmanova, JOwen, JRMeier, PHowell, ARibeiro, GCSwindell, RAlison, RBoreham, JClarke, MCollins, RDarby, SElphinstone, PEvans, VGodwin, JGray, RHarwood, CHicks, CJames, SMacKinnon, EMcGale, PMcHugh, TMead, GPeto, RWang, YAlbano, Jde Oliveira, CFGervasio, HGordilho, JJohansen, HMouridsen, HTGelman, RSHarris, JRHenderson, ICShapiro, CLAndersen, KWAxelsson, CKBlichert-Toft, MMoller, SOvergaard, JOvergaard, MRose, CCartensen, BPalshof, TTrampisch, HJDalesio, Ode Vries, EGERodenhuis, Svan Tinteren, HComis, RLDavidson, NERobert, NSledge, GTormey, DCWood, WCameron, DChetty, UForrest, PJack, WRossbach, JKlijn, JGMTreurniet-Donker, ADvan Putten, WLJCosta, AVeronesi, UBartelink, HDuchateau, LLegrand, CSylvester, Rvan der Hage, JAvan de Velde, CJHCunningham, MPCatalano, RCreech, RHBonneterre, JFargeot, PFumoleau, PKerbrat, PNamer, MJonat, WKaufmann, MSchumacher, Mvon Minckwitz, GBastert, GRauschecker, HSauer, RSauerbrei, WSchauer, Ade Schryver, AVakaet, LBelfiglio, MNicolucci, APellegrini, FSacco, MValentini, MMcArdle, CSSmith, DCGalligioni, EBoccardo, FRubagotti, ADent, DMGudgeon, CAHacking, AErazo, AMedina, JYIzuo, MMorishita, YTakei, HFentiman, ISHayward, JLRubens, RDSkilton, DGraeff, HJanicke, FMeisner, CScheurlen, Hvon Fournier, DDafni, UFountzilas, GKlefstrom, PBlomqvist, CSaarto, TMargreiter, RAsselain, BSalmon, RJVilcoq, JRArriagada, RHill, CLaplanche, ALe, MGSpielmann, MBruzzi, PMontanaro, ERosso, RSertoli, MRVenturini, MAmadori, DBenraadt, JKooi, Mvan de Velde, AOvan Dongen, JAVermorken, JBCastiglione, MCavalli, FCoates, ACollins, JForbes, JGelber, RDGoldhirsch, ALindtner, JPrice, KNRudenstam, CMSenn, HJBliss, JMChilvers, CEDCoombes, RCHall, EMarty, MBorovik, RBrufman, GHayat, HRobinson, EWigler, NBonadonna, GCamerini, TDe Palo, GDel Vecchio, MFormelli, FValagussa, PMartoni, APannuti, FCocconi, GColozza, ACamisa, RAogi, KTakashima, SIkeda, TInokuchi, KSawa, KSonoo, HKorzeniowski, SSkolyszewski, JOgawa, MYamashita, JBonte, JChristiaens, RParidaens, RVan den Boegart, WMartin, PRomain, SHakes, THudis, CAWittes, RGiokas, GKondylis, DLissaios, Bde la Huerta, RSainz, MGAltemus, RCowan, KDanforth, DLichter, ALippman, MO'Shaughnessy, JPierce, LJSteinberg, SVenzon, DZujewski, JParadiso, ADe Lena, MSchittulli, FMyles, JDPater, JLPritchard, KIAnderson, SBass, GBrown, ABryant, JCostantino, JDignam, JFisher, BRedmond, CWieand, SWolmark, NJackson, IMPalmer, MKIngle, JNSuman, VJBengtsson, NOJonsson, HLarsson, LGLythgoe, JPKissin, MErikstein, BHannisdal, EJacobsen, ABVarhaug, JEGundersen, SHauer-Jensen, MHost, HNissen-Meyer, RBlamey, RWMitchell, AKMorgan, DALRobertson, JFRDi Palma, MMathe, GMisset, JLClark, RMLevine, MMorimoto, KTakatsuka, YCrossley, EHarris, ATalbot, DTaylor, Mdi Blasio, BIvanov, VSemiglazov, VBrockschmidt, JCooper, MRUeo, HFalkson, CIA'Hern, RAshley, SPowles, TJSmith, IEYarnold, JRGazet, JCCocoran, NDeshpande, Ndi Martino, LDouglas, PLindtner, ANotter, GBryant, AJSEwing, GHFirth, LAKrushen-Kosloski, JLFoster, LGeorge, WDStewart, HJStroner, PMalmström, PerMöller, TorgilRyden, STengrup, IngridTennvall-Nittby, LCarstenssen, JDufmats, MHatschek, TNordenskjold, BSoderberg, MCarpenter, JTAlbain, KCrowley, JGreen, SMartino, SOsborne, CKRavdin, PMGlas, UJohansson, URutqvist, LESingnomklao, TWallgren, AMaibach, RThurlimann, BBrenner, HHercbergs, AYoshimoto, MDeBoer, GPaterson, AHGMeakin, JWPanzarella, TShan, YShao, YFWang, XZhao, DBChen, ZMPan, HCBahi, JReid, MSpittle, MDeutsch, GPSenanayake, FKwong, DLWBianco, ARCarlomagno, CDe Laurentiis, MDe Placido, SBuzdar, AUSmith, TBergh, JHolmberg, LLiljegren, GNilsson, JSeifert, MSevelda, PZielinsky, CCBuchanan, RBCross, MRoyle, GTDunn, JAHills, RKLee, MMorrison, JMSpooner, DLitton, AChlebowski, RTCaffier, H
The Lancet. 365(9472):1687-1717
Academic Journal
Magnussen C; University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany.; Center for Population Health Innovation, Hamburg, Germany.; Alegre-Diaz J; Experimental Medicine Research Unit from the School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City.; Al-Nasser LA; Department of Population Health, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; Amouyel P; University Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospital University Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1167-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille, France.; Aviles-Santa L; Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, MD.; Bakker SJL; Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.; Ballantyne CM; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.; Bernabé-Ortiz A; Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru.; Bobak M; Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London.; Boffetta P; Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.; Brenner H; Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.; Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.; Brunström M; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.; Can G; Department of Public Health, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey.; Carrillo-Larco RM; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta.; Checkley W; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore.; Dallongeville J; Institut Pasteur de Lille, University Lille, Lille, France.; De Bacquer D; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.; de Gaetano G; Research Unit of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.; de Lemos JA; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.; di Carluccio E; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.; Cardio-CARE, Davos, Switzerland.; Dobson A; School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.; Donfrancesco C; Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome.; Dörr M; Institute for Community Medicine, Study of Health in Pomerania-Klinisch-Epidemiologische Forschung, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.; DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.; d'Orsi E; Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.; Drygas W; National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical University, Lodz, Poland.; Calisia University, World Institute for Patient Safety, Kalisz, Poland.; Dullaart RPF; Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.; Engström G; Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.; Ferrario MM; Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.; Ferrières J; Department of Cardiology, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, INSERM UMR 1295, Toulouse, France.; Figtree GA; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.; Cardiovascular Discovery Group, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia.; Department of Cardiology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia.; Gaye B; Alliance for Medical Research in Africa, Dakar, Senegal.; Department of Medicine, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal.; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta.; Ghayour-Mobarhan M; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.; International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.; Goldbourt U; Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel.; Gonzalez C; Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico.; Gossling A; University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.; Center for Population Health Innovation, Hamburg, Germany.; Grassi G; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan.; Gupta PC; Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, India.; He J; Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, Dallas.; Hodge AM; Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; Hozawa A; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.; Hveem K; HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.; Department of Research and Education, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.; Iacoviello L; Research Unit of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy.; Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, Italy.; Ikram MK; Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Inoue M; National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo.; Irazola V; Department of Research in Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires.; Jobe M; Alliance for Medical Research in Africa, Dakar, Senegal.; Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia.; Jousilahti P; Department of Public Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki.; Kaleebu P; MRC-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.; Kavousi M; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.; Kee F; Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.; Khalili D; Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Metabolic and Obesity Disorders, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Klotsche J; German Rheumatism Research Center, Epidemiologic Unit, Berlin.; Koenig W; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, German Heart Center, TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany.; DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.; Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.; Kontsevaya A; National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Moscow.; Kowlessur S; Ministry of Health and Wellness, Port Louis, Mauritius.; Kuri-Morales P; Experimental Medicine Research Unit from the School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City.; Proyecto oriGen, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico.; Kuulasmaa K; Department of Public Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki.; Kweon SS; Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-eup, South Korea.; Lackner KJ; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.; Landmesser U; Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin.; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin.; Friede Springer Cardiovascular Prevention Center @Charité, Berlin.; DZHK Partner Site Berlin, Berlin.; Leistner DM; Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Frankfurt, Germany.; DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt, Germany.; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.; Leiva Sisnieguez CE; Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.; Argentinian Society of Arterial Hypertension, Buenos Aires.; Leong D; Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; Lind L; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.; Linneberg A; Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen.; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen.; Lorenz T; University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany.; Center for Population Health Innovation, Hamburg, Germany.; Alliance for Medical Research in Africa, Dakar, Senegal.; Lyngbakken MN; Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.; K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo.; Malekzadeh R; Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Malyutina S; Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.; Mathiesen EB; Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.; McElduff P; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.; Melander O; Lund University, Lund, Sweden.; Metspalu A; University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.; Miranda JJ; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.; CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.; Moitry M; Department of Public Health, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.; Mugisha J; MRC-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.; Munzinger J; University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany.; Center for Population Health Innovation, Hamburg, Germany.; Nalini M; Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Nambi V; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital, Houston.; Nilsson PM; Lund University, Lund, Sweden.; Ninomiya T; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.; Omland T; Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.; K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo.; Ong SK; PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam.; Oppermann K; Department of Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil.; Pajak A; Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.; Palmieri L; Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome.; Panagiotakos D; Harokopio University, Athens.; Park SK; Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.; Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea.; Pednekar MS; Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, India.; Perianayagam A; Social and Economic Survey Research Institute, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.; National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi, India.; Peters A; DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.; Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Munich, Germany.; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany.; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Munich-Neuherberg, Neuherberg, Germany.; Poustchi H; Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Prabhakaran D; Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India.; Center for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India.; Prentice AM; Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia.; Prescott E; Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen.; Quyyumi A; Emory University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Atlanta.; Risérus U; Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.; Sakata S; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.; Salazar M; Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.; Argentinian Society of Arterial Hypertension, Buenos Aires.; Salomaa V; Department of Public Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki.; Sans S; Department of Health, Generalitat of Catalonia, Barcelona.; Sattler ELP; Alliance for Medical Research in Africa, Dakar, Senegal.; Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens.; Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens.; Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta.; Schöttker B; Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.; Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.; Schutte AE; School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia.; George Institute for Global Health, Sydney.; Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.; Sepanlou SG; Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Sharma SK; Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal.; Shaw J; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; Simons LA; University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, Australia.; Söderberg S; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.; Tamosiunas A; Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, Kaunas, Lithuania.; Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.; Tapia-Conyer R; Experimental Medicine Research Unit from the School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City.; Thorand B; Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Munich, Germany.; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany.; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Munich-Neuherberg, Neuherberg, Germany.; Tunstall-Pedoe H; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.; Tuomilehto J; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki.; Twerenbold R; University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany.; Center for Population Health Innovation, Hamburg, Germany.; Vanuzzo D; MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine, Italy.; Veronesi G; Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.; Wannamethee SG; Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London.; Watanabe M; Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.; Weimann J; University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.; Center for Population Health Innovation, Hamburg, Germany.; Wild PS; Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.; Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.; DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.; Systems Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany.; Yao Y; Center for Healthy Aging Transdisciplinary Sciences, China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing.; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing.; Zeng Y; National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing.; Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC.; Ziegler A; University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.; Center for Population Health Innovation, Hamburg, Germany.; Cardio-CARE, Davos, Switzerland.; School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.; Ojeda FM; University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.; Center for Population Health Innovation, Hamburg, Germany.; Blankenberg S; University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Luebeck, Hamburg, Germany.; Center for Population Health Innovation, Hamburg, Germany.; Cardio-CARE, Davos, Switzerland.
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0255562 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1533-4406 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00284793 NLM ISO Abbreviation: N Engl J Med Subsets: MEDLINE
Academic Journal
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JEjlertsen BJensen MbJohansen HMouridsen HPalshof TGelman RsHarris JrHenderson CShapiro ClChristiansen PMouridsen HtFehm TTrampisch HjDalesio ODe Vries EgeRodenhuis SVan Tinteren HComis RlDavidson NeRobert NSledge GSolin LjSparano JaTormey DcDixon JmForrest PJack WKunkler IRossbach JKlijn JgmTreurniet‐donker AdVan Putten WljRotmensz NVeronesi UBartelink HBijker NBogaerts JCardoso FCufer TJulien JpVan De Velde CjhCunningham MpBrufsky AmColeman ReLlombart HaHuovinen RJoensuu HCosta ABonadonna GGianni LValagussa PGoldstein LjBonneterre JFargeot PFumoleau PKerbrat PLuporsi ENamer MCarrasco ESegui MaEiermann WHilfrich JJonat WKaufmann MKreienberg RSchumacher MBastert GRauschecker HSauer RSauerbrei WSchauer ABlohmer JuCosta SdEidtmann HGerber BJackisch CDe Schryver AVakaet LBelfiglio MNicolucci APellegrini FPirozzoli McSacco MValentini MMcardle CsSmith DcStallard SDent DmGudgeon CaHacking AMurray EPanieri EWerner IdGalligioni ELeone BVallejo CtZwenger ALopez MErazo AMedina JyHoriguchi JTakei HFentiman IsHayward JlRubens RdSkilton DScheurlen HSohn HcUntch MDafni UMarkopoulos CFountzilas GMavroudis DKlefstrom PBlomqvist CSaarto TGallen MTinterri CMargreiter RDe Lafontan BMihura JRoché HAsselain BSalmon RjVilcoq JrAndré FDelaloge SKoscielny SMichiels SRubino CA'hern REllis PKilburn LYarnold JrBenraadt JKooi MVan De Velde AoVan Dongen JaVermorken JbCastiglione MColleoni MCollins JGelber RdLindtner JPrice KnRegan MmRudenstam CmSenn HjThuerlimann BBliss JmChilvers CedCoombes RcHall EMarty MBuyse MPossinger KSchmid PWallwiener DBighin CBruzzi PDel Mastro LDozin BPastorino SPronzato PSertoli MrFoster LGeorge WdStewart HjStroner PBorovik RHayat HInbar MjPeretz TRobinson ECamerini TFormelli FMartelli GDi Mauro MgPerrone FAmadori DMartoni APannuti FCamisa RMusolino APassalacqua RIwata HShien TIkeda TInokuchi KSawa KSonoo HSadoon MTulusan AhKohno NMiyashita MTakao SAhn JhJung KhKorzeniowski SSkolyszewski JOgawa MYamashita JBastiaannet ELiefers GjChristiaens RNeven PParidaens RVan Den Bogaert WBraun SMartin PRomain SJanauer MSeifert MSevelda PZielinski CcHakes THudis CaWittes RGiokas GKondylis DLissaios BDe La Huerta RSainz MgRo JCamphausen KDanforth DLichter ALippman MSmart DSteinberg SD’amico CLioce MParadiso AOhno SBass GBrown ABryant JDignam JFisher BGeyer CMamounas EpRedmond CWickerham LAihara THozumi YBaum MJackson ImPalmer MkIngle JnSuman VjBengtsson NoEmdin SJonsson HVenturini MLythgoe JpKissin MErikstein BHannisdal EJacobsen AbReinertsen KvVarhaug JeGundersen SHauer‐jensen MHøst HNissen‐meyer RMitchell AkRobertson JfrUeo HDi Palma MMathé GMisset JlLevine MMorimoto KTakatsuka YCrossley EHarris ATalbot DTaylor MCocconi GDi Blasio BIvanov VPaltuev RSemiglazov VBrockschmidt JCooper MrFalkson CiHadji PA’hern RMakris AParton MPennert KPowles TjSmith IeGazet JcBrowne LGraham PCorcoran NClack GVan Poznak CDeshpande NDi Martino LDouglas PLindtner ANotter GBryant AjsEwing GhFirth LaKrushen‐kosloski JlAnderson HKillander FMalmström PRydén LArnesson LgCarstensen JDufmats MFohlin HNordenskjöld BSöderberg MCarpenter JtMurray NRoyle GtSimmonds PdCrowley JGralow JHortobagyi GLivingston RMartino SOsborne CkRavdin PmBondesson TCelebioglu FDahlberg KFornander TFredriksson IFrisell JGöransson EIiristo MJohansson ULenner ELöfgren LNikolaidis PPerbeck LRotstein SSandelin KSkoog LSvane GAf Trampe EWadström CMaibach RThürlimann BHolli KRouhento KSafra TBrenner HHercbergs AYoshimoto MPaterson AhgFyles AMeakin JwPanzarella TBahi JLemonnier JMartin AlReid MSpittle MBishop HBundred NjForsyth SPinder SeDeutsch GpKwong DlwPai VrSenanayake FRubagotti AHackshaw AHoughton JLedermann JMonson KTobias JsCarlomagno CDe Laurentiis MDe Placido SWilliams LBell RHinsley SMarshall HcPierce LjSolomayer EHorsman JmLester JWinter McBuzdar AuHsu LLove RrAhlgren JGarmo HHolmberg LLiljegren GLindman HWärnberg FAsmar LJones SeAft RGluz OLiedtke CNitz ULitton AWallgren AKarlsson PLinderholm BkChlebowski RtCaffier H.
New England Journal of Medicine. 377:1836-1846
Academic Journal
Danaei GLu YSingh GMCarnahan EStevens GACowan MJFarzadfar FLin JKFinucane MMRao MKhang YHRiley LMMozaffarian DLim SSEzzati MAamodt GAbdeen ZAbdella NARahim HFAddo JAekplakorn WAfifi MMAgabiti Rosei ESalinas CAAgyemang CAli MKAli MMAl Nsour MAl Nuaim ARAmbady RDi Angelantonio EAro PAzizi FBabu BVBahalim ANBarbagallo CMBarbieri MABarceló ABarreto SMBarros HBautista LEBenetos ABjerregaard PBjörkelund CBo SBobak MBONORA, EnzoBotana MABovet PBreckenkamp JBreteler MMBroda GBrown IJBursztyn Mde León ACCampos HCappuccio FPCapuano VCasiglia ECastellano MCastetbon KCea LChang CJChaouki NChatterji SChen CJChen ZChoi JSChua LCífková RCobiac LJCooper RSCorsi AMCostanza MCCraig CLDankner RSDastgiri SDelgado EDinc GDoi YDong GHDorsi EDragano NDrewnowski AEggertsen RElliott PEngeland AErem CEsteghamati AFall CHFan JGFerreccio CFezeu LFirmo JOFlorez HJFornés NSFowkes FGFranceschini GFrisk FFuchs FDFuller ELGetz LGiampaoli SGómez LFGomez Zumaquero JMGraff Iversen SGrant JFCarvajal RGGulliford MCGupta RGupta PCGureje OGutierrez HRHansen TWHata JHe JHeim NHeinrich JHemmingsson THennis AHerman WHHerrera VMHo SHoldsworth MFrisman GHHopman WMHussain AHusseini AIbrahim MMIkeda NJacobsen BKJaddou HYJafar THJanghorbani MJasienska GJoffres MRJonas JBKadiki OAKalter Leibovici OKamadjeu RMKaptoge SKaralis IKastarinen MJKatz JKeinan Boker LKelly PKhalilzadeh OKiechl SKim KWKiyohara YKobayashi JKrause MPKubínová RKurjata PKusuma YSLam THLanghammer ALawes CMLe CLee JLévy Marchal CLewington SLi YLim TOLin XLin CCLin HHLind LLissner LLiu XLopez Jaramillo PLorbeer RMa GMa SMacià FMacLean DRMaggi SMagliano DJMakdisse MMancia GMannami TMarques Vidal PMbanya JCMcFarlane Anderson NMiccoli RMiettola JMinh HVMiquel JFMiranda JJMohamed MKMohan VMohanna SMokdad AMollentze WFMorales DDMorgan KMuiesan LMMuntoni SNabipour INakagami TNangia VNemesure BNeovius MNerhus KANervi FNeuhauser HNguyen MNinomiya TNoale MOh SWOhkubo TOLIVIERI, OlivieroÖnal AEOnat AOróstegui MOuedraogo HPan WHPanagiotakos DBPanza FPark YPassos VMPednekar MSPelizzari PMPeres MAPérez CPérez Fernández RPichardo RPhua HPPistelli FPlans PPolakowska MPoulter NPrabhakaran DQiao QRafiei MRaitakari OTRamos LRRampal SRampal LRasmussen FReddy KKRedon JRevilla LReyes García VRoaeid RBRobinson CARodriguez Artalejo FRojas Martinez RRonkainen KRosero Bixby LRoth GASachdev HSSánchez JRSanisoglu SYSans SSarraf Zadegan NScazufca MSchaan BDSchapochnik NSchelleman HSchneider IJSchooling CMSchwarz BSekuri CSereday MSSerra Majem LShaw JShera ASShi ZShiri RShu XOSilva DASilva ESimons LASmith MSöderberg SSoebardi SSolfrizzi VSonestedt ESoysal AStattin PStein ADStergiou GSStessman JSudo ASuka MSundh VSundquist KSundström JSwai ABTai ESTambs KTesfaye FThomas GNThorogood MTilvis RSTobias MTorheim LETrenkwalder PTuomilehto JOTur JATzourio CUhernik AIUkoli FAUnwin NHoorn SVVanderpump MPVaro JJVeierød MBVelásquez Meléndez GVerschuren MViet LVillalpando SVioque JVollenweider PVolpato SWang NWang YXWard MWaspadji SWelin LXWhitlock GWilhelmsen LWilleit JWoodward MWormser DXavier AJXu FXu LYamamoto AYang GYang XYeh LCYoon JSYou QYu ZZhang JZhang LZheng WZhou MWard M.
Scientia
Scientia. Dipòsit d'Informació Digital del Departament de Salut
instname
Docusalut
Conselleria de Salut i Consum del Govern de les Illes Balears
Repisalud
Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)
The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, 2 (8
The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, vol 2, iss 8
Danaei, G, Lu, Y, Singh, G M, Carnahan, E, Stevens, G A, Cowan, M J, Farzadfar, F, Lin, J K, Finucane, M M, Rao, M, Khang, Y H, Riley, L M, Arian, D M, Lim, S S, Ezzati, M, Aamodt, G, Abdeen, Z, Abdella, N A, Rahim, H F A, Addo, J, Aekplakorn, W, Afifi, M M, Agabiti-Rosei, E, Salinas, C A A, Agyemang, C, Ali, M K, Ali, M M, Al-Nsour, M, Al-Nuaim, A R, Ambady, R, Angelantonio, E D, Aro, P, Azizi, F, Babu, B V, Bahalim, A N, Barbagallo, C M, Barbieri, M A, Barceló, A, Barreto, S M, Barros, H, Bautista, L E, Benetos, A, Bjerregaard, P, Björkelund, C, Bo, S, Bobak, M, Lim, T O, Liu, X, Rasmussen, F & Zhang, J 2014, 'Cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mortality burden of cardiometabolic risk factors from 1980 to 2010 : A comparative risk assessment', The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology, vol. 2, no. 8, pp. 634-647. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70102-0
Academic Journal
Danaei, GFinucane, MmLu, YSingh, GmCowan, MjPaciorek, CjLin, JkFarzadfar, FKhang, YhStevens, GaRao, MAli, MkRiley, LmRobinson, CaEzzati, MAbdeen, ZAekplakorn, WAfifi, MmAGABITI ROSEI, EnricoSalinas, CaAlnsour, MAmbady, RBarbagallo, CmBarceló, ABarros, HBautista, LeBenetos, ABjerregaard, PBo, SBovet, PBursztyn, MCabrera de León, ACASTELLANO, MaurizioCastetbon, KChaouki, NChen, CjChua, LCífková, RCorsi, AmDelgado, EDoi, YEsteghamati, AFall, ChFan, JgFerreccio, CFezeu, LFuller, ElGiampaoli, SGómez, LfCarvajal, RgHerman, WhHerrera, VmHo, SHussain, AIkeda, NJafar, ThJonas, JbKadiki, OaKaralis, IKatz, JKhalilzadeh, OKiechl, SKurjata, PLee, JLim, SLim, ToLin, CcLin, XLin, HhLiu, XLorbeer, RMa, SMaggi, SMagliano, DjMcFarlane Anderson, NMiettola, JMiranda, JjMohamed, MkMohan, VMokdad, AMorales, DdNabipour, INakagami, TNangia, VNeuhauser, HNoale, MOnat, AOróstegui, MPanagiotakos, DbPassos, VmPérez, CPichardo, RPin Phua, HPlans, PQiao, QRamos, LrRampal, SRampal, LRedon, JRevilla, LRosero Bixby, LSanisoglu, SyScazufca, MSchaan, BdSekuri, CShera, AsShi, ZSilva, ESimons, LaSöderberg, SSolfrizzi, VSoysal, AStein, AdStessman, JVanderpump, MpViet, LVollenweider, PWang, NWang, YxWaspadji, SWilleit, JWoodward, MXu, LYang, XYoon, JsYu, ZZhang, JZhang, L.
Danaei, G, Finucane, M M, Lu, Y, Singh, G M, Cowan, M J, Paciorek, C J, Lin, J K, Farzadfar, F, Khang, Y-H, Stevens, G A, Rao, M, Ali, M K, Riley, L M, Robinson, C A, Ezzati, M, Global Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors of Chronic Diseases Collaborating Group (Blood Glucose) & Bjerregaard, P 2011, ' National, regional, and global trends in fasting plasma glucose and diabetes prevalence since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 370 country-years and 2·7 million participants ', Lancet, vol. 378, no. 9785, pp. 31-40 . https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60679-X
Academic Journal
McGale, P.Taylor, C.Correa, C.Cutter, D.Duane, F.Ewertz, M.Gray, R.Mannu, G.Peto, R.Whelan, T.Wang, Y.Wang, Z.Darby, S.Albain, K.Anderson, S.Arriagada, R.Barlow, W.Bergh, J.Bergsten Nordström, E.Bliss, J.Burrett, J. A.Buyse, M.Cameron, D.Carrasco, E.Clarke, M.Coleman, R.Coates, A.Collins, R.Costantino, J.Cuzick, J.Davidson, N.Davies, C.Davies, K.Delmestri, A.Di Leo, A.Dowsett, M.Elphinstone, P.Evans, V.Forbes, J.Gelber, R.Gettins, L.Geyer, C.Gianni, L.Gnant, M.Goldhirsch, A.Godwin, J.Gregory, C.Hayes, D.Hill, C.Ingle, J.Jakesz, R.James, S.Janni, W.Kaufmann, M.Kerr, A.Liu, H.MacKinnon, E.Martín, M.McHugh, T.Morris, P.Norton, L.Ohashi, Y.Paik, S.Pan, H. C.Perez, E.Piccart, M.Pierce, L.Pritchard, K.Pruneri, G.Raina, V.Ravdin, P.Robertson, J.Rutgers, E.Shao, Y. F.Sparano, J.Swain, S.Valagussa, P.Viale, G.Von Minckwitz, G.Winer, E.Wiang, X.WoodW. Abe OAbe REnomoto KKikuchi KKoyama HMasuda HNomura YOhashi YSakai KSugimachi KToi MTominaga TUchino JYoshida MHaybittle JLLeonard CFCalais GGeraud PCollett VDavies CDelmestri ASayer JHarvey VJHoldaway IMKay RGMason BHForbes JFWilcken NBartsch RDubsky PFesl CFohler HGnant MGreil RJakesz RLang ALuschin-Ebengreuth GMarth CMlineritsch BSamonigg HSinger CFSteger GGStöger HCanney PYosef HMFocan CPeek UOates GDPowell JDurand MMauriac LDi Leo ADolci SLarsimont DNogaret JMPhilippson CPiccart MJMasood MBParker DPrice JJLindsay MAMackey JMartin MHupperets PSBates TBlamey RWChetty UEllis IOMallon EMorgan DAPatnick JPinder SOlivotto IRagaz JBerry DBroadwater GCirrincione CMuss HNorton LWeiss RBAbu-Zahra HTPortnoj SMBowden SBrookes CDunn JFernando ILee MPoole CRea DSpooner DBarrett-Lee PJMansel REMonypenny IJGordon NHDavis HLCuzick JLehingue YRomestaing PDubois JBDelozier TGriffon BMace Lesech JBrain Ede La Lande BMouret-Fourme EMustacchi GPetruzelka LPribylova OOwen JRHarbeck NJänicke FMeisner CSchmitt MThomssen CMeier PShan YShao YFWang XZhao DBChen ZMPan HCHowell ASwindell RBurrett JAClarke MCollins RCorrea CCutter DDarby SDavies KElphinstone PEvans VGettins LGodwin JGray RGregory CHermans DHicks CJames SKerr ALiu HMacKinnon ELay MMcGale PMcHugh TMorris PPeto RTaylor CWang YAlbano Jde Oliveira CFGervásio HGordilho JEjlertsen BJensen MBJohansen HMouridsen HPalshof TGelman RSHarris JRHayes DHenderson CShapiro CLWiner EChristiansen PEwertz MMøller SMouridsen HTTrampisch HJDalesio Ode Vries EGRodenhuis Svan Tinteren HComis RLDavidson NERobert NSledge GSolin LJSparano JATormey DCWood WCameron DDixon JMForrest PJack WKunkler IRossbach JKlijn JGTreurniet-Donker ADvan Putten WLRotmensz NVeronesi UViale GBartelink HBijker NBogaerts JCardoso FCufer TJulien JPRutgers Evan de Velde CJCunningham MPHuovinen RJoensuu HCosta ABonadonna GGianni LValagussa PGoldstein LJBonneterre JFargeot PFumoleau PKerbrat PLuporsi ENamer MEiermann WHilfrich JJonat WKaufmann MKreienberg RSchumacher MBastert GRauschecker HSauer RSauerbrei WSchauer ABlohmer JUCosta SDEidtmann HGerber BJackisch CLoibl Svon Minckwitz Gde Schryver AVakaet LBelfiglio MNicolucci APellegrini FPirozzoli MCSacco MValentini MMcArdle CSSmith DCStallard SDent DMGudgeon CAHacking AMurray EPanieri EWerner IDCarrasco ESegui MAGalligioni ELopez MErazo AMedina JYHoriguchi JTakei HFentiman ISHayward JLRubens RDSkilton DScheurlen HSohn HCUntch MDafni UMarkopoulos CFountzilas GMavroudis DKlefstrom PBlomqvist CSaarto TGallen MTinterri CMargreiter Rde Lafontan BMihura JRoché HAsselain BSalmon RJVilcoq JRAndré FArriagada RDelaloge SHill CKoscielny SMichiels SRubino CA'Hern RBliss JEllis PKilburn LYarnold JRBenraadt JKooi Mvan de Velde AOvan Dongen JAVermorken JBCastiglione MCoates AColleoni MCollins JForbes JGelber RDGoldhirsch ALindtner JPrice KNRegan MMRudenstam CMSenn HJThuerlimann BBliss JMChilvers CECoombes RCHall EMarty MBuyse MPossinger KSchmid PWallwiener DFoster LGeorge WDStewart HJStroner PBorovik RHayat HInbar MJPeretz TRobinson EBruzzi PDel Mastro LPronzato PSertoli MRVenturini MCamerini TDe Palo GDi Mauro MGFormelli FAmadori DMartoni APannuti FCamisa RCocconi GColozza APassalacqua RAogi KTakashima SAbe OIkeda TInokuchi KSawa KSonoo HKorzeniowski SSkolyszewski JOgawa MYamashita JBastiaannet Evan de Water Wvan Nes JGChristiaens RNeven PParidaens RVan den Bogaert WBraun SMartin PRomain SJanauer MSeifert MSevelda PZielinski CCHakes THudis CAWittes RGiokas GKondylis DLissaios Bde la Huerta RSainz MGAltemus RCamphausen KCowan KDanforth DLichter ALippman MO'Shaughnessy JPierce LJSteinberg SVenzon DZujewski JAD'Amico CLioce MParadiso AChapman JAGelmon KGoss PELevine MNMeyer RParulekar WPater JLPritchard KIShepherd LETu DWhelan TOhno SAnderson SBass GBrown ABryant JCostantino JDignam JFisher BGeyer CMamounas EPPaik SRedmond CSwain SWickerham LWolmark NBaum MJackson IMPalmer MKPerez EIngle JNSuman VJBengtsson NOEmdin SJonsson HLythgoe JPKissin MErikstein BHannisdal EJacobsen ABVarhaug JEGundersen SHauer-Jensen MHøst HNissen-Meyer RReinertsen KMitchell AKRobertson JFUeo HDi Palma MMathé GMisset JLLevine MMorimoto KTakatsuka YCrossley EHarris ATalbot DTaylor Mdi Blasio BIvanov VPaltuev RSemiglazov VBrockschmidt JCooper MRFalkson CIDowsett MMakris AParton MPennert KPowles TJSmith IEGazet JCBrowne LGraham PCorcoran NBusinico ADeshpande Ndi Martino LDouglas PLindtner ANotter GBryant AJEwing GHFirth LAKrushen-Kosloski JLAnderson HKillander FMalmström PRydén LArnesson LGCarstensen JDufmats MFohlin HNordenskjöld BSöderberg MCarpenter JTMurray NRoyle GTSimmonds PDAlbain KBarlow WCrowley JGralow JHortobagyi GLivingston RMartino SOsborne CKRavdin PMAdolfsson JBergh JBondesson TCelebioglu FDahlberg KFornander TFredriksson IFrisell JGöransson EIiristo MJohansson ULenner ELöfgren LNikolaidis PPerbeck LRotstein SSandelin KSkoog LSvane Gaf Trampe EWadström CJanni WMaibach RThürlimann BHakama MHolli KIsola JRouhento KSaaristo RBrenner HHercbergs AYoshimoto MPaterson AHFyles AMeakin JWPanzarella TBahi JReid MSpittle MBishop HBundred NJForsyth SPinder SESestak IDeutsch GPKwong DLPai VRSenanayake FMartin ALBoccardo FRubagotti AHackshaw AHoughton JLedermann JMonson KTobias JSCarlomagno CDe Laurentiis MDe Placido SWilliams LBroglio KBuzdar AUHsu LLove RRAhlgren JGarmo HHolmberg LLiljegren GLindman HWärnberg FAsmar LJones SEGluz OLiedtke CNitz ULitton AWallgren AKarlsson PLinderholm BKChlebowski RTCaffier H.
Lancet
McGale, P, Correa, C, Cutter, D, Duane, F, Ewertz, M, Gray, R, Mannu, G, Peto, R, Whelan, T, Darby, S 2014, 'Effect of radiotherapy after mastectomy and axillary surgery on 10-year recurrence and 20-year breast cancer mortality : meta-analysis of individual patient data for 8135 women in 22 randomised trials', The Lancet, vol. 383, no. 9935, pp. 2127-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60488-8
McGale, P, Correa, C, Cutter, D, Duane, F, Ewertz, M, Gray, R, Mannu, G, Peto, R, Whelan, T, Darby, S 2014, ' Effect of radiotherapy after mastectomy and axillary surgery on 10-year recurrence and 20-year breast cancer mortality : meta-analysis of individual patient data for 8135 women in 22 randomised trials ', The Lancet, vol. 383, no. 9935, pp. 2127-35 . https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60488-8
McGale, P, Taylor, C, Correa, C, Cutter, D, Duane, F, Ewertz, M, Gray, R, Mannu, G, Peto, R, Whelan, T, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Darby, S C & EBCTCG-Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group 2014, ' Effect of radiotherapy after mastectomy and axillary surgery on 10-year recurrence and 20-year breast cancer mortality : meta-analysis of individual patient data for 8135 women in 22 randomised trials ', Lancet, vol. 383, no. 9935, pp. 2127-2135 . https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60488-8
Bundred, N, EBCTCG, U, McGale, P, Taylor, C, Correa, C, Cutter, D, Duane, F, Ewertz, M, Gray, R, Mannu, G, Peto, R, Whelan, T, Wang, Y, Wang, Z & Darby, S 2014, 'Effect of radiotherapy after mastectomy and axillary surgery on 10-year recurrence and 20-year breast cancer mortality: meta-analysis of individual patient data for 8135 women in 22 randomised trials.', The Lancet, vol. 383, no. 9935, pp. 2127-2135. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60488-8
Academic Journal
EARLY BREAST CANCER TRIALISTS' COLLABORATIVE GROUP (EBCTCG)DARBY, S.MCGALE, P.CORREA, C.TAYLOR, C.ARRIAGADA, R.CLARKE, M.CUTTER, D.DAVIES, C.EWERTZ, M.GODWIN, J.GRAY, R.PIERCE, L.WHELAN, T.WANG, Y.PETO, R.Albain KAnderson SArriagada RBarlow WBergh JBliss JBuyse MCameron DCarrasco EClarke MCorrea CCoates ACollins RCostantino JCutter DCuzick JDarby SDavidson NDavies CDavies KDelmestri ADi Leo ADowsett MElphinstone PEvans VEwertz MGelber RGettins LGeyer CGoldhirsch AGodwin JGray RGregory CHayes DHill CIngle JJakesz RJames SKaufmann MKerr AMacKinnon EMcGale PMcHugh TNorton LOhashi YPaik SPan HCPerez EPeto RPiccart MPierce LPritchard KPruneri GRaina VRavdin PRobertson JRutgers EShao YFSwain STaylor CValagussa PViale GWhelan TWiner EWang YWood WAbe OAbe REnomoto KKikuchi KKoyama HMasuda HNomura YSakai KSugimachi KToi MTominaga TUchino JYoshida MHaybittle JLLeonard CFCalais GGeraud PCollett VSayer JHarvey VJHoldaway IMKay RGMason BHForbes JFWilcken NBartsch RDubsky PFesl CFohler HGnant MGreil RLang ALuschin-Ebengreuth GMarth CMlineritsch BSamonigg HSinger CFSteger GGStöger HCanney PYosef HMFocan CPeek UOates GDPowell JDurand MMauriac LDolci SLarsimont DNogaret JMPhilippson CPiccart MJMasood MBParker DPrice JJLindsay MAMackey JMartin MHupperets PSBates TBlamey RWChetty UEllis IOMallon EMorgan DAPatnick JPinder SOlivotto IRagaz JBerry DBroadwater GCirrincione CMuss HWeiss RBAbu-Zahra HTPortnoj SMBowden SBrookes CDunn JFernando ILee MPoole CRea DSpooner DBarrett-Lee PJMansel REMonypenny IJGordon NHDavis HLLehingue YRomestaing PDubois JBDelozier TGriffon BMace Lesec'h JRambert PMustacchi GPetruzelkaPribylova OOwen JRHarbeck NJänicke FMeisner CSchmitt MThomssen CMeier PShan YWang XZhao DBChen ZMHowell ASwindell RBurrett JAHermans DHicks CLay MAlbano Jde Oliveira CFGervásio HGordilho JJohansen HMouridsen HTGelman RSHarris JRHenderson CShapiro CLChristiansen PEjlertsen BJensen MBMøller SCarstensen BPalshof TTrampisch HJDalesio Ode Vries EGRodenhuis Svan Tinteren HComis RLDavidson NERobert NSledge GSolin LJSparano JATormey DCDixon JMForrest PJack WKunkler IRossbach JKlijn JGTreurniet-Donker ADvan Putten WLRotmensz NVeronesi UBartelink HBijker NBogaerts JCardoso FCufer TJulien JPvan de Velde CJCunningham MPHuovinen RJoensuu HCosta ATinterri CBonadonna GGianni LGoldstein LJBonneterre JFargeot PFumoleau PKerbrat PLuporsi ENamer MEiermann WHilfrich JJonat WKreienberg RSchumacher MBastert GRauschecker HSauer RSauerbrei WSchauer ABlohmer JUCosta SDEidtmann HGerber GJackisch CLoibl Svon Minckwitz Gde Schryver AVakaet LBelfiglio MNicolucci APellegrini FPirozzoli MCSacco MValentini MMcArdle CSSmith DCStallard SDent DMGudgeon CAHacking AMurray EPanieri EWerner IDSegui MAGalligioni ELopez MErazo AMedina JYHoriguchi JTakei HFentiman ISHayward JLRubens RDSkilton DScheurlen HSohn HCUntch MDafni UMarkopoulos CDafni DFountzilas GMavroudis DKlefstrom PSaarto TGallen MMargreiter Rde Lafontan BMihura JRoché HAsselain BSalmon RJVilcoq JRBourgier CKoscielny SLaplanche ALê MGSpielmann MA'Hern REllis PKilburn LYarnold JRBenraadt JKooi Mvan de Velde AOvan Dongen JAVermorken JBCastiglione MColleoni MCollins JForbes JGelber RDLindtner JPrice KNRegan MMRudenstam CMSenn HJThuerlimann BBliss JMChilvers CECoombes RCHall EMarty MPossinger KSchmid PWallwiener DFoster LGeorge WDStewart HJStroner PBorovik RHayat HInbar MJRobinson EBruzzi PDel Mastro LPronzato PSertoli MRVenturini MCamerini TDe Palo GDi Mauro MGFormelli FAmadori DMartoni APannuti FCamisa RCocconi GColozza APassalacqua RAogi KTakashima SIkeda TInokuchi KSawa KSonoo HKorzeniowski SSkolyszewski JOgawa MYamashita JBastiaannet Evan de Water Wvan Nes JGChristiaens RNeven PParidaens RVan den Bogaert WBraun SJanni WMartin PRomain SJanauer MSeifert MSevelda PZielinski CCHakes THudis CAWittes RGiokas GKondylis DLissaios Bde la Huerta RSainz MGAltemus RCamphausen KCowan KDanforth DLichter ALippman MO'Shaughnessy JPierce LJSteinberg SVenzon DZujewski JAD'Amico CLioce MParadiso AChapman JAGelmon KGoss PELevine MNMeyer RParulekar WPater JLPritchard KIShepherd LETu DOhno SAnderson ABass GBrown ABryant JDignam JFisher BMamounas EPRedmond CWickerham LWolmark NBaum MJackson IMPalmer MKIngle JNSuman VJBengtsson NOEmdin SJonsson HLythgoe JPKissin MErikstein BHannisdal EJacobsen ABVarhaug JEGundersen SHauer-Jensen MHøst HNissen-Meyer RMitchell AKRobertson JFUeo HDi Palma MMathé GMisset JLLevine MMorimoto KTakatsuka YCrossley EHarris ATalbot DTaylor MMartin ALdi Blasio BIvanov VPaltuev RSemiglazov VBrockschmidt JCooper MRFalkson CIAshley SMakris APowles TJSmith IEGazet JCBrowne LGraham PCorcoran NDeshpande Ndi Martino LDouglas PLindtner ANotter GBryant AJEwing GHFirth LAKrushen-Kosloski JLAnderson HKillander FMalmström PRydén LArnesson LGCarstensen JDufmats MFohlin HNordenskjöld BSöderberg MCarpenter JTMurray NRoyle GTSimmonds PDCrowley JGralow JGreen SHortobagyi GLivingston RMartino SOsborne CKAdolfsson JBondesson TCelebioglu FDahlberg KFornander TFredriksson IFrisell JGöransson EIiristo MJohansson ULenner ELöfgren LNikolaidis PPerbeck LRotstein SSandelin KSkoog LSvane Gaf Trampe EWadström CMaibach RThürlimann BHakama MHolli KIsola JRouhento KSaaristo RBrenner HHercbergs AYoshimoto MPaterson AHFyles AMeakin JWPanzarella TBahi JReid MSpittle MBishop HBundred NJForsyth SPinder SESestak IDeutsch GPKwong DLPai VRSenanayake FBoccardo FRubagotti AHackshaw AHoughton JLedermann JMonson KTobias JSCarlomagno CDe Laurentiis MDe Placido SWilliams LBroglio KBuzdar AULove RRAhlgren JGarmo HHolmberg LLiljegren GLindman HWärnberg FAsmar LJones SEGluz OLiedtke CNitz ULitton AWallgren AKarlsson PLinderholm BKChlebowski RTCaffier H
Lancet
Darby, S, McGale, P, Correa, C, Taylor, T, Arriagada, R, Clarke, M, Cutter, D, Davies, C, Ewertz, M, Godwin, J, Gray, R, Pierce, L, Whelan, T, Wang, C, Peto, R & Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group (EBCTCG) 2011, ' Effect of radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery on 10-year recurrence and 15-year breast cancer death: meta-analysis of individual patient data for 10,801 women in 17 randomised trials ', Lancet, vol. 378, no. 9804, pp. 1707-16 . https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61629-2
Darby, S, McGale, P, Correa, C, Taylor, C, Arriagada, R, Clarke, M, Cutter, D, Davies, C, Ewertz, M, Godwin, J, Gray, R, Pierce, L, Whelan, T, Wang, Y, Peto, R 2011, ' Effect of radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery on 10-year recurrence and 15-year breast cancer death : meta-analysis of individual patient data for 10,801 women in 17 randomised trials ', The Lancet, vol. 378, no. 9804, pp. 1707-16 . https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61629-2
Bundred, N, Albain, K, Anderson, S, Arriagada, R, Barlow, W, Bergh, J, Bliss, J, Buyse, M, Cameron, D, Carrasco, E, Clarke, M, Correa, C, Coates, A, Collins, R, Costantino, J, Cutter, D, Cuzick, J, Darby, S, Davidson, N, Davies, C, Davies, K, Delmestri, A, Di Leo, A, Dowsett, M, Elphinstone, P, Evans, V, Ewertz, M, Gelber, R, Gettins, L, Geyer, C, Goldhirsch, A, Godwin, J, Gray, R, Gregory, C, Hayes, D, Hill, C, Ingle, J, Jakesz, R, James, S, Kaufmann, M, Kerr, A, MacKinnon, E, McGale, P, McHugh, T, Norton, L, Ohashi, Y, Paik, S, Pan, H C, Perez, E, Peto, R, Piccart, M, Pierce, L, Pritchard, K, Pruneri, G, Raina, V, Ravdin, P, Robertson, J, Rutgers, E, F Shao, Y, Swain, S, Taylor, C, Valagussa, P, Viale, G, Whelan, T, Winer, E, Wang, Y & Wood, W 2011, 'Effect of radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery on 10-year recurrence and 15-year breast cancer death: Meta-analysis of individual patient data for 10 801 women in 17 randomised trials', The Lancet, vol. 378, no. 9804, pp. 1707-1716. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61629-2
Academic Journal
Correa CMcGale PTaylor CWang YClarke MDavies CPeto RBijker NSolin LDarby S. Abe OAbe REnomoto KKikuchi KKoyama HMasuda HNomura YOhashi YSakai KSugimachi KToi MTominaga TUchino JYoshida MHaybittle JLLeonard CFCalais GGeraud PCollett VDelmestri ASayer JHarvey VJHoldaway TMKay RGMason BHForbes JFWilcken NBauernhofer TDubsky PFesl CFohler HFilipcic LFilipits MFridrik MGnant MGreil RHegenbarth KJakesz RKwasny WLang ALuschin-Ebengreuth GMarth CMenzel CMlineritsch BSamonigg HSeifert MSevelda PSinger CSteger GGStöger HThaler JTschmelitsch JZielinski CCanney PYosef HMFocan CPeek UOates GDPowell JDurand MMauriac LDi Leo ADolci SPiccart MJMasood MBParker DPrice JJLindsay MAMackey JMartin MHupperets PSBates TBlamey RWChetty UEllis IOMallon EMorgan DAPatnick JPinder SJackson SRagaz JBerry DBroadwater GCirrincione CMuss HNorto LWeiss RBAbu-Zahra HTPortnoj SMBaum MCuzick JDowsett MHoughton JLedermann JRiley DBowdon SBrookes CFernando IRea DSpooner DMansel REGordon NHDavis HLLehingue YRomestaing PDubois JBDelozier TGriffon BMace Lesec'h JRambert PMustacchi GPetruzelka LPribylova OOwen JRHarbeck NJänicke FMeisner CSchmitt MThomssen CMeier PHowell ASwindell RBurrett JCollins RCutter DDarby SDavies KElphinstone PEvans VGettins LGodwinF JGray RGregory CHermans DHicks CJames SKerr AMacKinnon ELay MMcHugh TAlbano Jde Oliveira CFGervásio HGordilho JJohansen HMouridsen HTGelman RSHarris JRHayes DHenderson ICShapiro CLWiner EChristiansen PEjlertsen BEwertz MMøller SOvergaard MCarstensen BPalshof TTrampisch HJDalesio Ode Vries EGRodenhuis Svan Tinteren HComisF RLDavidsonF NERobert NSledgeF GSolin FJTormey DCWood WCameron DForrest PJack WRossbach JKlijn JGTreurniet-Donker ADvan Putten WLCosta AVeronesi UViale GBartelink HBogaerts JJulien JPLegrand CRutgers ESylvester Rvan de Velde CJvan Nes JGCunningham MPHuovinen RJoensuu HTinterri CValagussa PGoldstein LJBonneterre JFargeot PFumoleau PKerbrat PLuporsi ENamer MEiermann WHilfrich JJonat WKaufmann MKreienbergF RSchumacher MBastert GRauschecker HSauer RSauerbrei WSchauer ABlohmer JUCosta SDEidtmann HGerber BJackisch CLoibl Svon Minckwitz Gde Schryver AVakaet LBelfiglio MNicolucci APellegrini FSacco MValentini MMcArdle CSSmith DCStallard SGalligioni ELopez MBoccardo FRubagotti ADent DMGudgeon CAHacking AMurray EPanieri EBriones LCarrasco EErazo AMedina JYHoriguchi JTakei HFentiman ISHayward JLRubens RDSkilton DScheurlen HSohn HCUntch MDafni UMarkopoulos CFountzilas GMavroudis DKlefstrom PBlomqvist CSaarto CGallen MMargreiter Rde Lafontan BMihura JRochéF HAsselain BSalmon RJVilcoq JRArriagada RHill CLaplanche ALê MGSpielmann MA'Hern RBarrett-Lee PBliss JEllis PKilburn LYarnold JRBruzzi PDel Mastro LPronzato PSertoli MRVenturini MAmadori DBenraadt JKooi Mvan de Velde AOvan Dongen JAVermorken JBCastiglione MCavalli FCoates ACollins JForbes JGelber RDGoldhirsch ALindtner JPrice KNRaina VRudenstam CMSenn HJBliss JMChilvers CECoombes RCHall EMarty MBuyse MPossinger KSchmid PWallwiener DBorovik RBrufman GHayat HRobinson EYaal-Hahoshen NBonadonna GCamerini TDe Palo GDi MauroF MGFormelli FMartoni APannuti FCocconi GColozza ACamisa RGori SAogi KTakashima SAbe OIkeda TInokuchi KSawa KSonoo HKorzeniowski SSkolyszewski JOgawa MYamashita JChristiaens RNeven PParidaens RVan den Bogaert WBraun SJanni WMartin PRomain SHakes THudis CANorton LWittes RGiokas GKondylis DLissaios Bde la Huerta RSainz MGAltemus RCamphausen KCowan KDanforth DLichter ALippman MO'Shaughnessy JPierceF LJSteinberg SVenzon DZujewski JAD'Amico CLioce MParadiso AChapman JWGoss PELevine MNMyles JDPater JLPritchard KIShepherd LETu DWhelan DZee BAnderson SBass GBrown ABryant JCostantino JFisher BGeyer CPaik SRedmond CWickerham LWolmark NJackson IMPalmer MKPerez EIngle JNSuman VJBengtsson NOEmdin SGranstrand BJonsson HLythgoe JPKissin MErikstein BHannisdal EJacobsen ABVarhaug JEGundersen SHauer-Jensen MHøst HNissen-Meyer RMitchell AKRobertson JFDi Palma MMathé GMisset JLClark RMLevineF MWhelan TMorimoto KTakatsuka YCrossley EHarris ATalbot DTaylor MMartin ALRoché Hdi Blasio BIvanov VSemiglazov VBrockschmidt JCooper MRUeo HFalkson CIAshley SMakris APowles TJSmith IEGazet JCBrowne LGraham PCorcoran NDeshpande Ndi Martino LDouglas PLindtner ANotter GBryant AJEwing GHFirth LAKrushen-Kosloski JLFoster LGeorge WDStewart HJStroner PAnderson HMalmström PMöller TRRingberg ARydén LTengrup ITennvall-Nittby LArnesson LGCarstensen JDufmats MNordenskjöld BSöderberg MCarpenter JTAlbainF KBarlow WCrowleyF JGralow JGreen SHortobagyi GLivingston RMartino SOsborne CKRavdin PMMurray NRoyle GTSimmonds PDAskergren JBäckdahl MBergh JFernstad RFornander TFrisell JGlas UHatschek TIdeström KJohansson UPerbeck LRotstein SRutqvist LESandelin KSingnomklao TSkoog LSomell AWallgren AWilking NMaibach RThürlimann BHolli KRouhento KBrenner HHercbergs AYoshimoto MDeBoer GPaterson AHFyles AMeakin JWPanzarella TShan YShao YFWang XZhao DBBahi JReid MSpittle MBishop HBundred NJForsyth SPai VRPinder SESestak IDeutsch GPKwongF DLSenanayake FBianco ARCarlomagno CDe Laurentiis MDe Placido SBroglio KBuzdar AULove RRGarmo HHolmberg LLiljegren GNilssonF JJones SELoesch DMJanauer MZielinski CCGluz ONitz UDunn JAHills RKLee MMorrison JMPoole CLitton AKarlsson PChlebowski RTCaffier H
Bundred, N, Correa, C, McGale, P, Taylor, C, Wang, Y, Clarke, M, Davies, C, Peto, R, Bijker, N, Solin, L & Darby, S 2010, 'Overview of the randomized trials of radiotherapy in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast', Journal of the National Cancer Institute-Monographs, no. 41, pp. 162-177. https://doi.org/10.1093/jncimonographs/lgq039
Academic Journal
Ezzati, MBentham, JDi Cesare, MBilano, VBixby, HZhou, BStevens, GARiley, LMTaddei, CHajifathalian, KLu, YSavin, SCowan, MJPaciore, CJChiritaemandi, AHayes, AJKatz, JKelishadi, RKengne, APKhang, Y-HLaxmaiah, ALi, YMa, JMiranda, JJMostafa, ANeovius, MPadez, CRampal, LZhu, ABennet, JEDanaei, GBhutta, ZAAbarca-Gomez, LAbdeen, ZAHamid, ZAAbu-Rmeileh, NMAcosta-Cazares, BAcuin, CAdams, RJAekplakorn, WAfsana, KAguilar-Salinas, CAAgyemng, CAhmadvand, AAhrens, WAjlouni, KAkhtaeva, NAl-Hazzaa, HMAl-Othman, ARAl-Raddadi, RAlBuhairan, FAlDhukai, SAli, MMAli, OAlkerwi, AAlvarez-Pedrerol, MAly, EAmarapurkar, DNAmouyel, PAmuzu, AAndersen, LBAnderssen, SAAndrade, DSAngquist, LHAnjana, RMAounallah-Skhiri, HAraujo, JArianse, IAris, TArlappa, NArveiler, DAryal, KKAspelund, TAssah, FKAssuncao, MCFAung, MSAvdicova, MAzevedo, AAzizi, FBabu, BVBahijri, SBaker, JLBalakrishna, NBamoshmoosh, MBanach, MBandosz, PBanegas, JRBarbagallo, CMBarcelo, ABarkat, ABarros, AJDBarros, MVGBata, IBatieha, AMBatista, RLBatyrbek, ABaur, LABeaglehole, RBen Romdhane, HBenedics, JBenet, MBernabe, ABernotiene, GBettiol, HBhagyalaxmi, ABharadwaj, SBhargava, SKBhatti, ZBi, HBi, YBiehl, ABikbov, MBista, BBjelica, DJBjerregaard, PBjertnes, EBjness, MBBjorkelund, CBlokstra, ABo, SBobak, MBoddy, LMBoehm, BOBoeing, HBoggia, JGBoissonnet, CPBonaccio, MBongard, VBovet, PBraeckevelt, LBraeckman, LBragt, MCEBrajkovich, IBranca, FBreckenkamp, JBreda, JBrenner, HBrewster, LMBrian, GRBrinduse, LBruno, GBueno-de-Mesquita, HBBugge, ABuoncristiano, MBurazeri, GBurns, CCabrera de Leon, ACacciottolo, JCai, HCama, TCameron, CCamola, JCan, GCandido, APCCCapanzana, MCapuano, VCardoso, VCCarlsson, ACCarvalho, MJCasanueva, FFCasas, JPCaserta, CAChamukuttan, SChan, AWChan, QChaturvedi, HKChaturvedi, NChen, C-JChen, FChen, HChen, SChen, ZCheng, C-YChetrit, AChikova-Iscener, EChiolero, AChiou, S-TChirita-Emandi, AChirlaque, M-DCho, BCho, YChristensen, KChristofaro, DGChudek, JCifkova, RCinteza, EClaessens, FClays, EConcin, HConfortin, SCCooper, CCooper, RCoppinger, TCCostanzo, SCottel, DCowell, CCraig, CLCrujeiras, ABCucu, AD'Arrigo, Gd'Orsi, EDallongeville, JDamasceno, ADamsgaard, CTDanae, GDankner, RDantoft, TMDastgiri, SDauchet, LDavletov, KDe Backer, GDe Bacquer, DDe Curtis, Ade Gaetano, GDe Henauw, Sde Oliveira, PDDe Ridder, KDe Smedt, DDeepa, MDeev, ADDehghan, ADelisle, HDelpeuch, FDeschamps, VDhana, KDi Castelnuovo, AFDias-da-Costa, JSDiaz, ADika, ZDjalalinia, SDo, HTPDobson, AJDonati, MBDonfrancesco, CDonoso, SPDoering, ADorobantu, MDorosty, ARDoua, KDrygas, WDuan, JLDuante, CDuleva, VDulskiene, VDzerve, VDziankowska-Zaborszczyk, EEgbagbe, EEEggertsen, REiben, GEkelund, UEl Ati, JElliott, PEngle-Stone, RErasmus, RTErem, CEriksen, LEriksson, JGEscobedo, JEvans, AFaeh, DFall, CHSant'Angelo, VFFarzadfar, FFelix-Redondo, FJFerguson, TSFernandes, RAFernandez-Berges, DFerrante, DFerrari, MFerreccio, CFerrieres, JFinn, JDFischer, KMonterubio Flores, EFoeger, BFoo, LHForslund, A-SForsner, MFouad, HMFrancis, DKFranco, MDCFranco, OHFrontera, GFuchs, FDFuch, SCFujita, YFurusawa, TGaciong, ZGafencu, MGaleone, DGalvano, FGarcia-de-la-Hera, MGareta, DGarnett, SPGaspoz, J-MGasull, MGates, LGeiger, HGeleijnse, JMGhasemian, AGiampaoli, SGianfagna, FGill, TKGiovannelli, JGiwerman, AGodos, JGogen, SGoldsmith, RAGoltzman, DGoncalves, HGonzalez-Leon, MGonzalez-Rivas, JPGonzalez-Gross, MGottrand, FGraca, APGraff-Iversen, SGrafnetter, DGrajda, AGrammatikopoulou, MGGregor, RDGrodzicki, TGrontved, AGrosso, GGruden, GGrujic, VGu, DGualdi-Russo, EGuallar-Castillon, PGuan, OPGudmundsson, EFGudnason, VGuerrero, RGuessous, IGuimaraes, ALGulliford, MCGunnlaugsdottir, JGunter, MGuo, XGuo, YGupta, PCGupta, RGureje, OGurzkowska, BGutierrez, LGutzwiller, FHadaegh, FHadjigeorgiou, CASi-Ramlee, KHalkjaer, JHambleton, IRHardy, RKumar, RHHassapidou, MHata, JHe, JHeidinger-Felso, RHeinen, MHendriks, MEHenriques, ACadena, LHHerrala, SHerrera, VMHerter-Aeberli, IHeshmat, RHihtaniemi, ITHo, SYHo, SCHobbs, 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KKovacs, VAKowlessur, SKoziel, SKratzer, WKriemler, SKristensen, PLKrokstad, SKromhout, DKruger, HSKubinova, RKuciene, RKuh, DKujala, UMKulaga, ZKumar, RKKunesova, MKurjata, PKusuma, YSKuulasmaa, KKyobutungi, CLa, QNLaamiri, FZLaatikainen, TLachat, CLaid, YLam, THLandrove, OLanska, VLappas, GLarijani, BLaugsand, LELauria, LBao, KLNLe, TDLebanan, MAOLeclercq, CLee, JLehtimaki, TLeon-Munoz, LMLevitt, NSLilly, CLLim, W-YFernanda Lima-Costa, MLin, H-HLin, XLind, LLinneberg, ALissner, LLitwin, MLiu, JLoit, H-MLopes, LLorbeer, RLotufo, PAEugenio Lozano, JLuksiene, DLundqvist, ALunet, NLytsy, PMa, GMachado-Coelho, GLLMachado-Rodrigues, AMMachi, SMaggi, SMagliano, DJMagriplis, EMahaletchumy, AMaire, BMajer, MMakdisse, MMalekzadeh, RMalhotra, RRao, KMMalyutina, SManios, YMann, JIManzato, EMargozzini, PMarkaki, AMarkey, OMarques, LPMarques-Vidal, PMarrugat, JMartin-Prevel, YMartin, RMartorell, RMartos, EMarventano, SMasoodi, SRMathiesen, EBMatijasevich, AMatsha, TEMazur, AMbanya, JCNMcFarlane, 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RRiboli, ERigo, Fde Wit, TFRRito, ARitti-Dias, RMRivera, JARobinson, SMRobitaille, CRodrigues, DRodriguez-Artalejo, Fdel Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, MRodriguez-Villamizar, LARojas-Martinez, RRojroongwasinkul, NRomaguera, DRonkainen, KRosengren, ARouse, IRoy, JGRRubinstein, ARuhli, FJRuiz-Betancourt, BSRusso, PRutkowski, MSabanayagam, CSachdev, HSSaidi, OSalanave, BMartinez, ESSalmeron, DSalomaa, VSalonen, JTSalvetti, MSanchez-Abanto, JSandjajaSans, SMarina, LSSantos, DASantos, ISSantos, Odos Santos, RNSantos, RSaramies, JLSardinha, LBSarrafzadegan, NSaum, K-USavva, SSavy, MScazufca, MRosario, ASSchargrodsky, HSchienkiewitz, ASchipf, SSchmidt, COSchmidt, IMSchultsz, CSchutte, AESein, AASen, ASenbanjo, IOSepanlou, SGSerra-Majem, LShalnova, SASharma, SKShaw, JEShibuya, KShin, DWShin, YShiri, RSiani, ASiantar, RSibai, AMSilva, AMSantos Silva, DASimon, MSimons, JSimons, LASjoberg, ASjostrom, MSkovbjerg, SSlowikowska-Hilczer, JSlusarczyk, PSmeeth, LSmith, MCSnijder, MBSo, H-KSobngwi, ESoderberg, SSoekatri, MYESolfrizzi, VSonestedt, ESong, YSorensen, TIASoric, MJerome, CSSoumare, ASpinelli, ASpiroski, IStaessen, JAStamm, HStar, GStathopoulou, MGStaub, KStavreski, BSteene-Johannessen, JStehle, PStein, ADStergiou, GSStessman, JStieber, JStockl, DStocks, TStokwisze, JStratton, GStronks, KStrufaldi, MWSuarez-Medina, RSun, C-ASundstrom, JSung, Y-TSunyer, JSuriyawongpaisa, PSwinburn, BASy, RGSzponar, LTai, ESTammesoo, M-LTamosiunas, ATan, EJTang, XTanser, FTao, YTarawneh, MRTarp, JTarqui-Mamani, CBTautu, O-FBraunerova, RTTaylor, ATchibindat, FTheobald, HTheodoridis, XThijs, LThuesen, BHTjonneland, ATolonen, HKTolstrup, JSTopbas, MTopor-Madry, RTormo, MJTornaritis, MJTorrent, MToselli, STraissac, PTrichopoulos, DTrichopoulou, ATrinh, OTHTrivedi, ATshepo, LTsigga, MTsugane, STulloch-Reid, MKTullu, FTuomainen, T-PTuomilehto, JTurley, MLTynelius, PTzotzas, TTzourio, CUeda, PUgel, EEUkoli, FAMUlmer, HUnal, BUusitalo, HMTValdivia, GVale, SValvi, Dvan der Schouw, YTVan Herck, KMinh, HVvan Rossem, LVan Schoor, NMvan Valkengoed, IGMVanderschueren, DVanuzzo, DVatten, LVega, TVeidebaum, TVelasquez-Melendez, GVelika, BVeronesi, GVerschuren, WMMVictora, CGViegi, GViet, LViikari-Juntura, EVineis, PVioque, JVirtanen, JKVisvikis-Siest, SViswanathan, BVlasoff, TVollenweider, PVoelzke, HVoutilainen, SVrijheid, MWade, ANWagner, AWaldhor, TWalton, JBebakar, WMWMohamud, WNWJr, WRSWang, M-DWan, QWang, YXWannamethee, SGWareham, NWeber, AWedderkopp, NWeerasekera, DWhincup, PHWidhalm, KWidyahening, ISWiecek, AWijga, AHWilks, RJWilleit, JWilleit, PWilsgaard, TWojtyniak, BWong-McClure, RAWong, JYYWong, JEWong, TYWoo, JWoodward, MWu, FCWu, JWu, SXu, HXu, LYamborisut, UYan, WYang, XYardim, NYe, XYiallouros, PKYngve, AYoshihara, AYou, QSYounger-Coleman, NOYusoff, FZaccagni, LZafiropulos, VZainuddin, AAZambon, SZampelas, AZamrazilova, HZdrojewski, TZeng, YZhao, DZhao, WZheng, WZheng, YZholdin, BZhou, MZhu, DZhussupov, BZimmermann, ECisneros, JZNCD-RisC
Zaguán. Repositorio Digital de la Universidad de Zaragoza
instname
Universidad de Zaragoza
Repositório Institucional da UNESP
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
instacron:UNESP
Lancet 390, 2627-2642 (2017)
LANCET
Academic Journal
Aaltonen TAdelman JAkimoto TGonzalez BAAmerio SAmidei DAnastassov AAnnovi AAntos JApollinari GApresyan AArisawa TArtikov AAshmanskas WAttal AAurisano AAzfar FBadgett WBarbaro Galtieri ABarnes VEBarnett BABarria PBartos PBartsch VBauer GBeauchemin PHBedeschi FBeecher DBehari SBellettini GBellinger JBenjamin DBeretvas ABeringer JBhatti ABinkley MBisello DBizjak IBlair REBlocker CBlumenfeld BBocci ABodek ABoisvert VBolla GBortoletto DBoudreau JBoveia ABrau BBridgeman ABrigliadori LBromberg CBrubaker EBudagov JBudd HSBudd SBurke SBurkett KBusetto GBussey PBuzatu AByrum KLCabrera SCalancha CCampanelli MCampbell MCanelli FCanepa ACarls BCarlsmith DCarosi RCarrillo SCarron SCasal BCasarsa MCastro ACatastini PCauz DCavaliere VCavalli Sforza MCerri ACerrito LChang SHChen YCChertok MChiarelli GChlachidze GChlebana FCho KChokheli DChou JPChoudalakis GChuang SHChung KChung WHChung YSChwalek TCiobanu CICiocci MAClark AClark DCompostella GConvery MEConway JCordelli MCortiana GCox CACox DJCrescioli FAlmenar CCCuevas JCulbertson RCully JCDagenhart DDatta MDavies Tde Barbaro PDe Cecco SDeisher ADe Lorenzo GDELL'ORSO, MAURODeluca CDemortier LDeng JDeninno MDerwent PFDi Canto Adi Giovanni GPDionisi CDi Ruzza BDittmann JRD'Onofrio MDONATI, SIMONEDong PDonini JDorigo TDube SEfron JElagin AErbacher RErrede DErrede SEusebi RFang HCFarrington SFedorko WTFeild RGFeindt MFernandez JPFerrazza CField RFlanagan GForrest RFrank MJFranklin MFreeman JCFuric IGallinaro MGalyardt JGarberson FGarcia JEGarfinkel AFGarosi PGenser KGerberich HGerdes DGessler AGiagu SGiakoumopoulou VGiannetti PGibson KGimmell JLGinsburg CMGiokaris NGiordani MGiromini PGiunta MGiurgiu GGlagolev VGlenzinski DGold MGoldschmidt NGolossanov AGomez GGomez Ceballos GGoncharov MGonzalez OGorelov IGoshaw ATGoulianos KGresele AGrinstein SGrosso Pilcher CGroup RCGrundler Uda Costa JGGunay Unalan ZHaber CHahn KHahn SRHalkiadakis EHan BYHan JYHappacher FHara KHare DHare MHarper SHarr RFHarris RMHartz MHatakeyama KHays CHeck MHeijboer AHeinrich JHenderson CHerndon MHeuser JHewamanage SHidas DHill CSHirschbuehl DHocker AHou SHoulden MHsu SCHuffman BTHughes REHusemann UHussein MHuston JIncandela JIntrozzi GIori MIvanov AJames EJang DJayatilaka BJeon EJJha MKJindariani SJohnson WJones MJoo KKJun SYJung JEJunk TRKamon TKar DKarchin PEKato YKephart RKetchum WKeung JKhotilovich VKilminster BKim DHKim HSKim HWKim JEKim MJKim SBKim SHKim YKKimura NKirsch LKlimenko SKnuteson BKo BRKondo KKong DJKonigsberg JKorytov AKotwal AVKreps MKroll JKrop DKrumnack NKruse MKrutelyov VKubo TKuhr TKulkarni NPKurata MKwang SLaasanen ATLami SLammel SLancaster MLander RLLannon KLath ALatino GLazzizzera ILeCompte TLee ELee HSLee SWLeone SLewis JDLin CSLinacre JLindgren MLipeles ELister ALitvintsev DOLiu CLiu TLockyer NSLoginov ALoreti MLovas LLucchesi DLuci CLueck JLujan PLukens PLungu GLyons LLys JLysak RMacQueen DMadrak RMaeshima KMakhoul KMaki TMaksimovic PMalde SMalik SManca GManousakis Katsikakis AMargaroli FMarino CMarino CPMartin AMartin VMartinez MMartinez Ballarin RMaruyama TMastrandrea PMasubuchi TMathis MMattson MEMazzanti PMcFarland KSMcIntyre PMcNulty RMehta AMehtala PMenzione AMerkel PMesropian CMiao TMiladinovic NMiller RMills CMilnik MMitra AMitselmakher GMiyake HMoed SMoggi NMondragon MNMoon CSMoore RMorello MJMorlock JFernandez PMMulmenstadt JMukherjee AMuller TMumford RMurat PMussini MNachtman JNagai YNagano ANaganoma JNakamura KNakano INapier ANecula VNett JNeu CNeubauer MSNeubauer SNielsen JNodulman LNorman MNorniella ONurse EOakes LOh SHOh YDOksuzian IOkusawa TOrava ROsterberg KGriso SPPagliarone CPalencia EPapadimitriou VPapaikonomou AParamonov AAParks BPashapour SPatrick JPauletta GPaulini MPaus CPeiffer TPellett DEPenzo APhillips TJPiacentino GPianori EPinera LPitts KPlager CPondrom LPoukhov OPounder NPrakoshyn FPronko AProudfoot JPtohos FPueschel EPUNZI, GIOVANNIPursley JRademacker JRahaman ARamakrishnan VRanjan NRedondo IRenton PRenz MRescigno MRichter SRimondi FRistori LRobson ARodrigo TRodriguez TRogers ERolli SRoser RRossi MRossin RRoy PRuiz ARuss JRusu VRutherford BSaarikko HSafonov ASakumoto WKSalto OSanti LSarkar SSartori LSato KSavoy Navarro ASchlabach PSchmidt ASchmidt EESchmidt MASchmidt MPSchmitt MSchwarz TScodellaro LScribano AScuri FSedov ASeidel SSeiya YSemenov ASexton Kennedy LSforza FSfyrla AShalhout SZShears TShepard PFShimojima MShiraishi SShochet MShon YShreyber ISimonenko ASinervo PSisakyan ASlaughter AJSlaunwhite JSliwa KSmith JRSnider FDSnihur RSoderberg MSoha ASomalwar SSorin VSpreitzer TSquillacioti PStanitzki MSt Denis RStelzer BStelzer Chilton OStentz DStrologas JStrycker GLSuh JSSukhanov ASuslov ISuzuki TTaffard ATakashima RTakeuchi YTanaka RTecchio MTeng PKTerashi KThom JThompson ASThompson GAThomson ETipton PTtito Guzman PTkaczyk SToback DTokar STollefson KTomura TTonelli DTorre STorretta DTotaro PTourneur STrovato MTsai SYTu YTurini NUkegawa FVallecorsa Svan Remortel NVarganov AVataga EVazquez FVelev GVellidis CVidal MVidal RVila IVilar RVine TVogel MVolobouev IVolpi GWagner PWagner RGWagner RLWagner WWagner Kuhr JWakisaka TWallny RWang SMWarburton AWaters DWeinberger MWeinelt JWester WCWhitehouse BWhiteson DWicklund ABWicklund EWilbur SWilliams GWilliams HHWilson PWiner BLWittich PWolbers SWolfe CWright TWu XWurthwein FXie SYagil AYamamoto KYamaoka JYang UKYang YCYao WMYeh GPYi KYoh JYorita KYoshida TYu GBYu IYu SSYun JCZanello LZanetti AZhang XZheng YZucchelli Snin A. 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Academic Journal
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J.Piacentino G.Piedra J.Pitts K.Plager C.Pondrom L.Pope G.Portell X.Poukhov O.Pounder N.Prakoshyn F.Pronko A.Proudfoot J.Ptohos F.PUNZI, GIOVANNIPursley J.Rademacker J.Rahaman A.Rakitin A.Rappoccio S.Ratnikov F.Reisert B.Rekovic V.van Remortel N.Renton P.Rescigno M.Richter S.Rimondi F.Rinnert K.Ristori L.Robertson W. J.Robson A.Rodrigo T.Rogers E.Rolli S.Roser R.Rossi M.Rossin R.Rott C.Ruiz A.Russ J.Rusu V.Ryan D.Saarikko H.Sabik S.Safonov A.Sakumoto W. K.Salamanna G.Salto O.Saltzberg D.Sanchez C.Santi L.Sarkar S.Sato K.Savard P.Savoy Navarro A.Scheidle T.Schlabach P.Schmidt E. E.Schmidt M. P.Schmitt M.Schwarz T.Scodellaro L.Scott A. L.Scribano A.Scuri E.Sedov A.Seidel S.Seiya Y.Semenov A.Semeria F.Sexton Kennedy L.Sfiligoi I.Shapiro M. D.Shears T.Shepard P. F.Sherman D.Shimojima M.Shochet M.Shon Y.Shreyber I.Sidoti A.Sill A.Sinervo P.Sisakyan A.Sjolin J.Skiba A.Slaughter A. J.Sliwa K.Smirnov D.Smith J. R.Snider F. 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C.Zanello L.Zanetti A.Zaw I.Zetti F.Zhang X.Zhou J.Zucchelli S.Chauveau JDavid Pde la Vaissiere CBuono LDHamon OJohn MJJLeruste PMalcles JOcariz JPivk MRoos LT'Jampens STherin GManfredi PFRe VBehera PKGladney LGuo QHPanetta JAngelini CBatignani GBettarini SBondioli MBucci FCalderini GCarpinelli MForti FGiorgi MALusiani AMarchiori GMartinez Vidal FMorganti MNeri NPaoloni ERama MRizzo GSandrelli FWalsh JHaire MJudd DPaick KWagoner DEDanielson NElmer PLau YPLu CMiftakov VOlsen JSmith AJSTelnov AVBellini FCavoto GFaccini RFerrarotto FFerroni FGaspero MLi Gioi LMazzoni MAMorganti SPierini MPiredda GTehrani FSVoena CChrist SWagner GWaldi RAdye TDe Groot NFranek BGeddes NIGopal GPOlaiya EOAleksan REmery SGaidot AGanzhur SFGiraud PFde Monchenault GHKozanecki WLegendre MLondon GWMayer BSchott GVasseur GYeche CZito MPurohit MVWeidemann AWWilson JRYumiceva FXAston DBartoldus RBerger NBoyarski AMBuchmueller OLClaus RConvery MRCristinziani MDe Nardo GDong DDorfan JDujmic DDunwoodie WElsen EEFan SField RCGlanzman TGowdy SJHadig THalyo VHast CHryn'ova TInnes WRKelsey MHKim PKocian MLLeith DWGSLibby JLuitz SLuth VLynch HLMarsiske HMessner RMuller DRO'Grady CPOzcan VEPerazzo APerl MPetrak SRatcliff BNRoodman ASalnikov AASchindler RHSchwiening JSimi GSnyder ASoha AStelzer JSu DSullivan MKVa'vra JWagner SRWeaver MWeinstein AJRWisniewski WJWittgen MWright DHYarritu AKYoung CCBurchat PREdwards AJMeyer TIPetersen BARoat CAhmed SAlam MSErnst JASaeed MASaleem MWappler FRBugg WKrishnamurthy MSpanier SMEckmann RKim HRitchie JLSatpathy ASchwitters RFIzen JMKitayama ILou XCYe SBianchi FBona MGallo FGamba DBosisio LCartaro CCossutti FDella Ricca GDittongo SGrancagnolo SLanceri LPoropat PVitale LVuagnin GPanvini RSBanerjee SBrown CMFortin DJackson PDKowalewski RRoney JMSobie RJBand HRCheng BDasu SDatta MEichenbaum AMGraham MHollar JJJohnson JRKutter PELi HLiu RMihalyi AMohapatra AKPan YPrepost RTan Pvon Wimmersperg Toeller JHWu JWu SLYu ZGreene MGNeal Hrepost RNeal H. Greene MGNeal Hoeller JHNeal H. Prepost RNeal H.
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Acosta DAdelman JAffolder TAkimoto TAlbrow MGAmbrose DAmerio SAmidei DAnastassov AAnikeev KAnnovi AAntos JAoki MApollinari GArisawa TArguin JFArtikov AAshmanskas WAttal AAzfar FAzzi Bacchetta PBacchetta NBachacou HBadgett WBarbaro Galtieri ABarker GJBarnes VEBarnett BABaroiant SBauer GBedeschi FBehari SBelforte SBellettini GBellinger JBelloni ABen Haim EBenjamin DBeretvas ABerry TBhatti ABinkley MBisello DBishai MBlair REBlocker CBloom KBlumenfeld BBocci ABodek ABolla GBolshov ABortoletto DBoudreau JBourov SBrau BBromberg CBrubaker EBudagov JBudd HSBurkett KBusetto GBussey PByrum KLCabrera SCampanelli MCampbell MCanelli FCanepa ACasarsa MCarlsmith DCarosi RCarron SCavalli Sforza MCastro ACatastini PCauz DCerri ACerrito LChapman JChen YCChertok MChiarelli GChlachidze GChlebana FCho ICho KChokheli DChou JPChuang SChung KChung WHChung YSCijliak MCiobanu CICiocci MAClark AGClark DCoca MConnolly AConvery MConway JCooper BCopic KCordelli MCortiana GCranshaw JCuevas JCruz ACulbertson RCurrat CCyr DDagenhart DDa Ronco SD'Auria Sde Barbaro PDe Cecco SDeisher ADe Lentdecker GDELL'ORSO, MAURODemers SDemortier LDeninno MDe Pedis DDerwent PFDevlin TDionisi CDittmann JRDiTuro PDorr CDominguez ADONATI, SIMONEDonega MDonini JD'Onofrio MDorigo TEbina KEfron JEhlers JErbacher RErdmann MErrede DErrede SEusebi RFang HCFarrington SFedorko IFedorko WTFeild RGFeindt MFernandez JPField RDFlanagan GFlores Castillo LRFoland AForrester SFoster GWFranklin MFreeman JCFujii YFuric IGajjar AGallinaro MGalyardt JGarcia Sciveres MGarfinkel AFGay CGerberich HGerdes DWGerchtein EGiagu SGiannetti PGibson AGibson KGinsburg CGiolo KGiordani MGiunta MGiurgiu GGlagolev VGlenzinski DGold MGoldschmidt NGoldstein DGoldstein JGomez GGomez Ceballos GGoncharov MGonzalez OGorelov IGoshaw ATGotra YGoulianos KGresele AGriffiths MGrosso Pilcher CGrundler Uda Costa JGHaber CHahn KHahn SRHalkiadakis EHamilton AHan BYHandler RHappacher FHara KHare MHarr RFHarris RMHartmann FHatakeyama KHauser JHays CHayward HHeinemann BHeinrich JHennecke MHerndon MHill CHirschbuehl DHocker AHoffman KDHolloway AHou SHoulden MAHuffman BTHuang YHughes REHuston JIkado KIncandela JIntrozzi GIori MIshizawa YIssever CIvanov AIwata YIyutin BJames EJang DJayatilaka BJeans DJensen HJeon EJJones MJoo KKJun SYJunk TKamon TKang JUnel MKKarchin PEKato YKemp YKephart RKerzel UKhotilovich VKilminster BKim DHKim HSKim JEKim MJKim MSKim SBKim SHKim YKKirby MKirsch LKlimenko SKlute MKnuteson BKo BRKobayashi HKong DJKondo KKonigsberg JKordas KKorn AKorytov AKotwal AVKovalev AKraus JKravchenko IKreymer AKroll JKruse MKrutelyov VKuhlmann SEKwang SLaasanen ATLai SLami SLammel SLancaster MLander RLannon KLath ALatino GLazzizzera ILecci CLeCompte TLee JLee SWLefevre RLeonardo NLeone SLevy SLewis JDLi KLin CLin CSLindgren MLipeles ELiss TMLister ALitvintsev DOLiu TLiu YLockyer NSLoginov ALoreti MLoverre PLu RSLucchesi DLujan PLukens PLungu GLyons LLys JLysak RLytken EMacQueen DMadrak RMaeshima KMaksimovic PManca GMargaroli FMarginean RMarino CMartin AMartin MMartin VMartinez MMaruyama TMatsunaga HMattson MMazzanti PMcFarland KSMcGivern DMcIntyre PMMcNamara PMcNulty RMehta AMenzemer SMenzione AMerkel PMesropian CMessina AMiao TMiladinovic NMiles JMiller LMiller RMiller JSMills CMiquel RMiscetti SMitselmakher GMiyamoto AMoggi NMohr BMoore RMorello MFernandez PAMMuelmenstaedt JMukherjee AMulhearn MMuller TMumford RMunar AMurat PNachtman JNahn SNakano INapier ANapora RNaumov DNecula VNielsen JNelson TNeu CNeubauer MSNigmanov TNodulman LNorniella OOgawa TOh SHOh YDOhsugi TOkusawa TOldeman ROrava ROrejudos WOsterberg KPagliarone CPalencia EPaoletti RPapadimitriou VParamonov AAPashapour SPatrick JPauletta GPaulini MPaus CPellett DPenzo APhillips TJPiacentino GPiedra JPitts KTPlager CPondrom LPope GPortell XPoukhov OPounder NPrakoshyn FPronko AProudfoot JPtohos FPUNZI, GIOVANNIRademacker JRahaman MARakitine ARappoccio SRatnikov FRay HReisert BRekovic VRenton PRescigno MRimondi FRinnert KRistori LRobertson WJRobson ARodrigo TRolli SRoser RRossin RRott CRuss JRusu VRuiz ARyan DSaarikko HSabik SSafonov ASt Denis RSakumoto WKSalamanna GSaltzberg DSanchez CSanti LSarkar SSato KSavard PSavoy Navarro ASchlabach PSchmidt EESchmidt MPSchmitt MSchwarz TScodellaro LScott ALScribano AScuri FSedov ASeidel SSeiya YSemenov ASemeria FSexton Kennedy LSfiligoi IShapiro MDShears TShepard PFSherman DShimojima MShochet MShon YShreyber ISidoti ASill ASinervo PSisakyan ASjolin JSkiba ASlaughter AJSliwa KSmirnov DSmith JRSnider FDSnihur RSoderberg MSoha ASomalwar SVSpalding JSpezziga MSpinella FSquillacioti PStadie HStanitzki MStelzer BStelzer Chilton OStentz DStrologas JStuart DSuh JSSukhanov ASumorok KSun HSuzuki TTaffard ATafirout RTakano HTakashima RTakeuchi YTakikawa KTanaka MTanaka RTanimoto NTecchio MTeng PKTerashi KTesarek RJTether SThom JThompson ASThomson ETipton PTiwari VTkaczyk SToback DTollefson KTomura TTonelli DTonnesmann MTorre STorretta DTourneur STrischuk WTsuchiya RTsuno STsybychev DTurini NUkegawa FUnverhau TUozumi SUsynin DVacavant LVaiciulis AVarganov AVejcik SVelev GVeszpremi VVeramendi GVickey TVidal RVila IVilar RVollrath IVolobouev Ivon der Mey MWagner PWagner RGWagner RLWagner WWallny RWalter TWan ZWang MJWang SMWarburton AWard BWaschke SWaters DWatts TWeber MWester WCWhitehouse BWhiteson DWicklund ABWicklund EWilliams HHWilson PWiner BLWittich PWolbers SWolfe CWolter MWorcester MWorm SWright TWu XWurthwein FWyatt AYagil AYamashita TYamamoto KYamaoka JYang CYang UKYao WYeh GPYoh JYorita KYoshida TYu IYu SYun JCZanello LZanetti AZaw IZetti FZhou JZucchelli Sg CYao WMYu SSZhang XZucchelli S.
Academic Journal
Magnussen C; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Ojeda FM; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Leong DP; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Alegre-Diaz J; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Amouyel P; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Aviles-Santa L; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; De Bacquer D; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Ballantyne CM; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Bernabé-Ortiz A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Bobak M; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Brenner H; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Carrillo-Larco RM; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; de Lemos J; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Dobson A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Dörr M; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Donfrancesco C; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Drygas W; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Dullaart RP; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Engström G; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Ferrario MM; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Ferrières J; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; de Gaetano G; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Goldbourt U; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Gonzalez C; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Grassi G; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Hodge AM; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Hveem K; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Iacoviello L; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Ikram MK; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Irazola V; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Jobe M; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Jousilahti P; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Kaleebu P; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Kavousi M; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Kee F; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Khalili D; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Koenig W; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Kontsevaya A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Kuulasmaa K; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Lackner KJ; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Leistner DM; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Lind L; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Linneberg A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Lorenz T; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Lyngbakken MN; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Malekzadeh R; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Malyutina S; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Mathiesen EB; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Melander O; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Metspalu A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Miranda JJ; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Moitry M; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Mugisha J; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Nalini M; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Nambi V; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Ninomiya T; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Oppermann K; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; d'Orsi E; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Pająk A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Palmieri L; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Panagiotakos D; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Perianayagam A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Peters A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Poustchi H; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Prentice AM; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Prescott E; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Risérus U; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Salomaa V; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Sans S; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Sakata S; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Schöttker B; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Schutte AE; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Sepanlou SG; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Sharma SK; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Shaw JE; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Simons LA; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Söderberg S; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Tamosiunas A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Thorand B; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Tunstall-Pedoe H; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Twerenbold R; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Vanuzzo D; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Veronesi G; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Waibel J; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Wannamethee SG; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Watanabe M; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Wild PS; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Yao Y; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Zeng Y; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Ziegler A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.; Blankenberg S; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0255562 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1533-4406 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00284793 NLM ISO Abbreviation: N Engl J Med Subsets: MEDLINE
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