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o ㅋ ㄱ ㅅ ㅈ ㅌ ㄷ 촉 ㄴ ㅎ ㅂ ㅃ ㅁ 야 ㄹ 와
ㅏ あ
a		 ぁ か
ka		 が
ga		 さ
sa		 ざ
za		 た
ta		 だ
da		 な
na		 は
ha		 ば
ba		 ぱ
pa		 ま
ma		 や
ya		 ゃ
lya		 ら
ra		 わ
wa		 ゎ
lwa		 ん
n
l い
i		 ぃ き
ki		 ぎ
gi		 し
si		 じ
zi		 ち
ti		 ぢ
di		 に
ni		 ひ
hi		 び
bi		 ぴ
pi		 み
mi		 り
ri
ㅜ う
u		 ぅ く
ku		 ぐ
gu		 す
su		 ず
zu		 つ
tu		 づ
du		 っ ぬ
nu		 ふ
hu		 ぶ
bu		 ぷ
pu		 む
mu		 ゆ
yu		 ゅ
lyu		 る
ru
ㅔ え
e		 ぇ け
ke		 げ
ge		 せ
se		 ぜ
ze		 て
te		 で
de		 ね
ne		 へ
he		 べ
be		 ぺ
pe		 め
me		 れ
re
ㅗ お
o		 ぉ こ
ko		 ご
go		 そ
so		 ぞ
zo		 と
to		 ど
do		 の
no		 ほ
ho		 ぼ
bo		 ぽ
po		 も
mo		 よ
yo		 ょ
lyo		 ろ
ro		 を
wo
o ㅋ ㄱ ㅅ ㅈ ㅌ ㄷ 촉 ㄴ ㅎ ㅂ ㅃ ㅁ 야 ㄹ 와
ㅏ ア
a		 ァ カ
ka		 ガ
ga		 サ
sa		 ザ
za		 タ
ta		 ダ
da		 ナ
na		 ハ
ha		 バ
ba		 パ
pa		 マ
ma		 ヤ
ya		 ャ
lya 		ラ
ra		 ワ
wa		 ヮ
lwa 		ン
n
l イ
i		 ィ キ
ki		 ギ
gi		 シ
si		 ジ
zi		 チ
ti		 ヂ
di		 ニ
ni		 ヒ
hi		 ビ
bi		 ピ
pi		 ミ
mi		 リ
ri
ㅜ ウ
u		 ゥ ク
ku		 グ
gu		 ス
su		 ズ
zu		 ツ
tu		 ヅ
du		 ッ ヌ
nu		 フ
hu		 ブ
bu		 プ
pu		 ム
mu		 ユ
yu		 ュ
lyu 		ル
ru		 ヴ
vu
ㅔ エ
e		 ェ ケ
ke		 ゲ
ge		 セ
se		 ゼ
ze		 テ
te		 デ
de		 ネ
ne		 ヘ
he		 ベ
be		 ぺ
pe		 メ
me		 レ
re
ㅗ オ
o		 ォ コ
ko		 ゴ
go		 ソ
so		 ゾ
zo		 ト
to		 ド
do		 ノ
no		 ホ
ho		 ボ
bo		 ポ
po		 モ
mo		 ヨ
yo		 ョ
lyo 		ロ
ro		 ヲ
wo		 ー
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독일어
ä Ä ö Ö ü Ü ß                
프랑스어
á à Á À é è É È ç Ç ê        
스페인어
à á Á é É í Í Ó ó Ú ú Ñ ñ ä Ä
Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ  
Ν Ξ Ο Π Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω  
α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ  
ν ξ ο π ρ ς σ τ υ φ χ ψ ω
À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï
Ð Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö Ø Ù Ú Û Ü Ý Þ ß  
à á â ã ä å æ ç è é ê ë ì í î ï
ð ñ ò ó ô õ ö ø ù ú û ü ý þ ÿ  
А Б В Г Д Е Ё Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П
Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я  
а б в г д е ё ж з и й к л м н о п
р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я  
ⅰ ⅱ ⅲ ⅳ ⅴ ⅵ ⅶ ⅷ ⅸ ⅹ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Ⅵ Ⅶ Ⅷ Ⅸ Ⅹ
ㅥ ㅦ ㅧ ㅨ ㅩ ㅪ ㅫ ㅬ ㅭ ㅮ ㅯ ㅰ ㅱ ㅲ ㅳ ㅴ ㅵ
ㅶ ㅷ ㅸ ㅹ ㅺ ㅻ ㅼ ㅽ ㅾ ㅿ ㆀ ㆁ ㆂ ㆃ ㆄ ㆅ ㆆ
ㆇ ㆈ ㆉ ㆊ ㆋ ㆌ ㆍ ㆎ                  
′ ″ ℃ Å ￠ ￡ ￥ ¤ ℉ ‰ ＄ ％ Ｆ ￦ ㎕ ㎖ ㎗ ℓ ㎘ ㏄
㎣ ㎤ ㎥ ㎦ ㎙ ㎚ ㎛ ㎜ ㎝ ㎞ ㎟ ㎠ ㎡ ㎢ ㏊ ㎍ ㎎ ㎏    
㏏ ㎈ ㎉ ㏈ ㎧ ㎨ ㎰ ㎱ ㎲ ㎳ ㎴ ㎵ ㎶ ㎷ ㎸ ㎹ ㎀ ㎁    
㎂ ㎃ ㎄ ㎺ ㎻ ㎽ ㎾ ㎿ ㎐ ㎑ ㎒ ㎓ ㎔ Ω ㏀ ㏁ ㎊ ㎋    
㎌ ㏖ ㏅ ㎭ ㎮ ㎯ ㏛ ㎩ ㎪ ㎫ ㎬ ㏝ ㏐ ㏓ ㏃ ㏉ ㏜ ㏆    
± × ÷ ≠ ≤ ≥ ∞ ∴ ∠ ⊥ ⌒ ∂ ∇ ≡ ≒
≪ ≫ √ ∽ ∝ ∵ ∫ ∬ ∈ ∋ ⊆ ⊇ ⊂ ⊃ ∪ ∩ ∧
∨ ￢ ⇒ ⇔ ∀ ∃ ∮ ∑ ∏ ＋ － ＜ ＝ ＞      
  ก ข ฃ ค ฅ ฆ ง จ ฉ ช ซ ฌ ญ ฎ ฏ
ฐ ฑ ฒ ณ ด ต ถ ท ธ น บ ป ผ ฝ พ ฟ
ภ ม ย ร ฤ ล ฦ ว ศ ษ ส ห ฬ อ ฮ ฯ
ะ ั า ำ ิ ี ึ ื ุ ู ฺ         ฿
เ แ โ ใ ไ ๅ ๆ ็ ่ ้ ๊ ๋ ์ ํ ๎ ๏
᠀ ᠁ ᠂ ᠃ ᠄ ᠅ ᠆ ᠇ ᠈ ᠉ ᠊          
᠐ ᠑ ᠒ ᠓ ᠔ ᠕ ᠖ ᠗ ᠘ ᠙            
ᠠ ᠡ ᠢ ᠣ ᠤ ᠥ ᠦ ᠧ ᠨ ᠩ ᠪ ᠫ ᠬ ᠭ ᠮ ᠯ
ᠰ ᠱ ᠲ ᠳ ᠴ ᠵ ᠶ ᠷ ᠸ ᠹ ᠺ ᠻ ᠼ ᠽ ᠾ ᠿ
ᡀ ᡁ ᡂ ᡃ ᡄ ᡅ ᡆ ᡇ ᡈ ᡉ ᡊ ᡋ ᡌ ᡍ ᡎ ᡏ
발행년
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(예 : 2010-2015)
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'학술논문' 에서 검색결과 6,894건 | 목록 1~20
Acher, Dominique d'
Reference
Benezit Dictionary of Artists, 2011
Full Text (Oxford Grove Online) Find it@PNU
Acher, Ernest
Reference
Benezit Dictionary of Artists, 2011
Full Text (Oxford Grove Online) Find it@PNU
Saint-Acher, F.
Reference
Benezit Dictionary of Artists, 2011
Full Text (Oxford Grove Online) Find it@PNU
What Acher Thought of R. Akiva’s Death (Pitron Torah, Wayiqra, p. 15)
Book
Sivan Nir
The Tales of the Sages in Late Midrash ISBN: 9789004734708
Find it@PNU
R. Meir Redeems Acher (Midrash Mishle 6:22–29)
Book
Sivan Nir
The Tales of the Sages in Late Midrash ISBN: 9789004734708
Find it@PNU
Portrait d'un Romaniste Hors du Commun: Jean Acher (1880-1915)
Academic Journal
Lefebvre-Teillard, Anne
81 Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis 449 (2013) / Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis/Legal History Review, Vol. 81, Issue 3-4 (2013), pp. 449-464
EBSCOHost PDF Full Text (Brill) Scopus Web of Science JCR 저널정보 Find it@PNU
Benefits and drawbacks of distance learning in teaching language: Global dunyoda ilm-fan va ta‘limdagi innovatsion rivojlanishning zamonaviy trendlari 15 dekabr, 2022 yil. 372 Abstract: This article illustrates current trends in online teaching a language. However, the article discusses advantages and disadvantages of distance teaching. For the time be-ing new innovative technologies, allow an opportunity to learn and teach target language without any awkwardness. Keywords: innovations, electronic technologies, global pandemic, distance learning, ac- cessible training In the modern globalization era, it is not enough to be able to speak one langu- age to communicate with the outside world. It is the best idea that children should begin learning a foreign language as soon as they start school. They faster become familiar with a strange language, improve their hearing ability to understand new words as time goes by and learn new words. On December 10, 2012 the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan I.A. Karimov signed a decree “On measures to further improvement of foreign language learning system”. Government pays great attention to teaching foreign languages all over the wor- ld. The Ministry of Uzbekistan is receiving several laws related to developing foreign languages. According to law “On measures to organize effectively the improve-ment of foreign language learning”, instruction of ministry of the people of educati-on, decrees, orders a majority of effective work is being implemented. The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered new ways of learning. During the past global pandemic period proximately 6, 2 million pupils and students were forced to gain knowledge from a distance. All around the world, educational institutions are looking toward online learning platforms to continue with the process of educating students. XXI century is the period of modern technologies and innovations in va-rious spheres of human life. Invented the Internet distance learning appeared. At present, the Internet becomes permanent part of the contemporary life of almost every person. A number of today’s students and all strata of the population use wi-dely networking and computers in their most aspect of lives and education. Using of electronic technology for educational process at the university creates positive and negative new system of education. As with most teaching methods, online learning also has its own set of positives and negatives. Online education requires stable electricity and data connection. NIZOMOVA IRODA RAKHMON QIZI Teacher of Uzbekıstan state world languages university BENEFITS AND DRAWBACKS OF DISTANCE LEARNING IN TEACHING LANGUAGE https://doi.org/10.47689/STARS.university-pp372-375 STARS International University 373 One of the main problems faced by both teachers and students, especially in rural areas, for the COVID -19 pandemic period was poor internet connection. Many pe-ople suffered from lack of technology and disruptions during essential talks, resul-ting in the wastage of time. Another con of online education that people worried about their appearance at first. They spent their time to look more accurate and pretty. Another issue is not having enough time to discuss topic with teacher as a result of the time limit of program. At the same time, cybercrime is developing and causes more unwanted attacks by hackers and intruders. Using the computer too much can make the students prone to plagiarism. It can be also harmful for our sight as we sit near laptop long hours. Online learning can be quite complicated for a person to be accountable for their own learning without someone to drive them to do something. In modern society, a specialist must study for almost his whole life and ex- change knowledge with foreign countries. Necessity for education throughout life leads to search for new and different method of get knowledge. The use of Internet technologies and distance learning opens up current opportunities for continuous training and retraining of specialists, obtaining effective education and more accessible training. Numerous of distance learning courses and distan-ce learning universities have appeared in the world. The advantages of distance learning should be modern software and equipment. New technologies make it possible to make visual information vivid and dynamic, help to create your own educational atmosphere. The improvement of Internet networks, swift Net access, using of multimedia technologies, video, sound make distance learning courses more perfect. Distance learning is one the most optional approaches that can replace full-time or traditional teaching and is the key factor in the development of higher education. Universities, nowadays, are partly introducing distance learning into the field of teaching, including teaching a foreign language. Moreover, it is formed by a number of recent studies have shown that online education’s effectiveness as face-to-face training. By accessing study material electronically, submitting assign-ments via websites, and taking part in online forums to interact with professors and classmates, you can become more technologically perceptive than your classroom counterparts. Currently, the form of learning in a distance is the most well-known among working students who wants to get ahead in their careers and unable to at-tend campus-based or follow since distance learning programs do not require you to be present in a classroom or follow an exact time. You are given an opportunity to set your own schedule. Most institutions that offer distance learning programs share lectures and tutorials through online video conferencing. Distance learning gives you the flexibility to complete your tasks at any time, from the comfort of their home. With online classes one does not need to travel to a different city or commute long distance. Online education reduces your costs like transportation, institution facilities like gyms, libraries, lodging, textbooks, and other costs that expedite the cost of univer-sity education up. As distance learning is optional, you have a chance to graduate in less time than traditional program. According to UNESCO, 53 states have already utilized national educational platforms for distance learning. Global dunyoda ilm-fan va ta‘limdagi innovatsion rivojlanishning zamonaviy trendlari 15 dekabr, 2022 yil. 374 Distance learning might not be the best choice for every student seeking to pur- suit a college degree or university problem. The cost of online-based learning language program is lower compared to those offered in traditional training. That means distance learning an economically viable option for both students and parents. Apart from convenience of participating, a course from home, students will have an excellent opportunity to save more time on their studies. For shy students asking questions about hard concept about a gi-ven topic can be embarrassing. But on online education a disciplined and self-mo-tivated student can learn at his own way. Students acknowledge via tutorials and eLearning materials such as audios, reading tasks and video conference sessions. That means learners with different abilities can have the chance to understand the course in much detail. In every field of modern life, one should know some foreign languages in order to get a good job and to be abroad. The advantageous and beneficial way of lear-ning foreign language is distance learning. You can save your time and enroll more tasks combined with your own job. Besides you can be also taught by teachers and various mentors in different areas. Online education can also help one to be in the mix of a diverse group of people from varied educational, social, cultural and philo-sophical backgrounds. You will have a participant the whole world and you can exchange your ideas and knowledge with them online. You learn how to collaborate with others on projects as well as classroom-based. There is no need to wait for office hours to speak to the instructor; one can immediately access them through chat or email. In conclusion, online learning has many benefits as compared to the conventi- onal learning in the classroom environment. As we, all become more familiar with computers and computer access becomes increasingly common, online learning will continue to open doors and offer learning opportunities for those who are inte-rested. Due to its numerous advantages, such as the possibility to save time as well as the access to a wide range of materials, eLearning constitutes an excellent form of education, however, it requires great involvement on the part of teachers to en-courage students to extend their knowledge, as well as self-control and motivation on the part of students. Even though it has its flaws, it seems to be the only right solution in the era of the pandemic. Problems related to this type of teaching arose due to the lack of preparation of students and teachers as well as the lack of time to prepare classes. The main negative factor was certainly the lack of tools as well as the lack of or insufficient support, which resulted in a number of challenges. The period of the pandemic should also be a time during which the Government, the Ministry and educational institutions should make efforts to ensure that all students have equal access to information technology and provide support in case remote teaching has to be continued or re-introduced. Nevertheless, in many ways we are not prepared for a complete and permanent transition to eLearning. The traditional form of teaching is still needed because the introduction of modern technologies into education must be combined with the preparation of guidelines for their use, in order to stimulate the process of self-re-gulation of learning. STARS International University 375 Because of the lack of direct contact and interactions with students, they are frequently uninterested in learning and acquiring knowledge, despite the teacher’s best efforts. The advantages of remote education and educational platforms bring clear benefits, facilitate quick and repeated access to educational materials, re-ducing the time needed for photocopying worksheets, handing out papers, etc. Nevertheless, it requires preparation of classes, just as in the case of the traditio-nal form of teaching. There are many positive and negative opinions of teachers, students and parents regarding the time of the pandemic and the introduction of remote teaching. It depends on the situation, the role in which a given person found himself or herself, and also on the time of its expression. This is certainly the time to prepare for changes in the field of education. REFERENCES: 1. Buchner A., Majchrzak M., Wierzbicka M., (2020). “Remote education during the pandemic”, Retrieved 4 July 2020, from https://cen-trumcyfrowe.pl/edukac-ja-zdalna. 2. Jankowiak B., Jaskulska S., (2020). “The well-being of teachers and female te- achers and their attitudes towards distance education during the COVID-19 pande-mic”,1, 219–232. 3. MooreJ.L., Camille D & Galyen K. (2011).4. E-Learning, online learning and distance learning environments: Are they the same? Internet and higher education, 14(1),129–135. 5. Ivypanda. Com (Impact of online courses).6. Youtube.com7. Onlineieltstests (video about advantages and disadvantages of online lear- ning).
Academic Journal
Iroda Nizomova
Современные тенденции инновационного развития науки и образования в глобальном мире. 1:372-375
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Speech units as an educational subject: STARS International University 259 Abstract: Teaching and learning are two basic processes underlying the activity of stu- dents and teachers nowadays. The learning process puts both parties toward each other, what it teaches, and what it takes, the teacher and the student. Today training students to teach themselves, and their education, equipping them with the skills of independent work with the most advanced methods of conscious, sustainable, active, and creative learning takes great importance. The purpose of this topic is to know the importance of usage of all skills during a lesson hour. The teacher is free to use a variety of methods and strategies for teaching and learning to suit the needs of students in different classes. He combines these methods during the learning process and adapts according to the increasing deve-lopment of linguistic competence and independence of student development, the consis-tency of this process. Teaching has at its center the method of communication, task-based methods, functional methods, and situations as real life, etc. These methods are realized through various strategies and techniques, according to language skills (listening, spea-king, reading, writing). Teachers and students collaborate on the organization of teaching and learning. To facilitate teaching/learning, the teacher finds efficient ways to organize communication activities and provides and suggests source materials for students. In con-temporary teaching, the teacher does not only play the role of teacher but also plays the role of supervisor. Together they establish cooperative relations in the process of learning. The teacher clarifies the students and takes their understanding of what happens in the classroom. This means clarifying the rules of the line of work and the responsibilities of students in the process of activities. The teacher suggests and provides the use of audiovi-sual means, electronic, and helps students to use various forms of information technology within and outside the classroom. It gives students the website in accordance with their age and educational requirements. In teaching, an hour should be applied to all four lan-guage skills strategies, but they escalate from level to level depending on the objectives. Setting the students in the spotlight makes the student participate actively in linguistic interaction, preparing them for a new phase of their education or being able to face the demands of the labor market. Keywords: Reading, writing, listening, speaking. Learning a language expresses progress skills in language such as Listening, Spe- aking, Reading and Writing. It (Language Skills) means the development of four basic skills. KHAMIDOVA IDODAKHON 2-nd year student of master’s degree Faculty of English Linguistics Namangan State University SPEECH UNITS AS AN EDUCATIONAL SUBJECT https://doi.org/10.47689/STARS.university-pp259-262 Global dunyoda ilm-fan va ta‘limdagi innovatsion rivojlanishning zamonaviy trendlari 15 dekabr, 2022 yil. 260 Listening – semantic aspect of a language.Speaking – phonetic aspect of a language.Reading – phonetic-cum-graphic aspect.Writing – graphic aspect of a language English Teachers must know what each of these skills means and how to teach them effectively. This unit concentrates on four skills and the methods that can be accepted to help learners to enlarge the four skills. Teachers should set high stan-dards for an EFL classroom. They should work to create the necessary condition for students to learn effectively and reach the desired outcome. For the teaching of English to be successful, four skills, reading, listening, speaking, and writing should be integrated in an effective way. These skills should be addressed in a way that helps students meet the standards you set for them and develop their communi-cative competence gradually. This encompasses: listening and speaking: these two skills are highly interrelated and work simultaneously in real-life situations. So, the integration of the two aims at fostering effective oral communication. This integra-tion will assure real-life and purposeful communication. Reading and writing: they form a strong relationship with each other as skills. They are tools for achieving effective written communication. Students need opportunities to develop their re-ading and writing skills. Developing students’ competencies in reading and writing requires exposing students to gradually challenging reading materials and writing tasks. The aim is to make students read and write effectively. In fact, the integration of listening and speaking with reading and writing will make learners good listeners, speakers, readers, and writers so as to be able to com-municate effectively. The mastery of these skills is a gradual process. Teachers, for instance, should expose learners to gradually challenging tasks and material. When a teacher makes use of activities that have been specially designed to incorporate several language skills simultaneously (such as reading, writing, listening, and wri-ting), they provide their students with situations that allow for well-rounded deve-lopment and progress in all areas of language learning. Through daily activities, te-achers provide learners with opportunities to develop each skill: students listen (to the teacher use target language, to a song, to one another in a pair activity), speak (pronunciation practice, greetings, dialogue creation or recitation, songs, substitu-tion drills, oral speed reading, role play), read (instructions, written grammar drills, cards for playing games, flashcards) and write (fill-in-the-blank sheets, sentences that describe a feeling, sight or experience, a dialogue script, a journal entry). Reading is fun-way to a knowledge hunt. We read or see innumerable quotes and proverbs on reading. How far is it true? It is true indeed- reading brings wisdom. Through reading, we learn a lot and it is the most prominent language skill. But the fact of making a reading habit or being good at it is the question here. For now, stu-dents, adults, and even educators read very less. It is a well-known fact that when there were no televisions or computers or other forms of entertainment, reading was a primary leisure activity among the educated. People would spend hours rea-ding books and travel to lands far away or enjoy love, cherish victorious moments, and live history in their minds. The tragedy is that, with time, people have lost their skill and passion to read. Reading has declined among every group of people in today’s world of technology and entertainment. There are many other exciting and STARS International University 261 thrilling options available, aside from books. And that is a shame because reading of-fers a productive approach to improving language vocabulary and word power for example. When you possess a rich vocabulary, you listen better as you understand more; then you can write better with more words to choose from; obviously, you can speak better because of your intense word power. It is advisable to indulge in at least half an hour of reading a day to keep abreast of the various styles of writing and new vocabulary. Thus, the need to develop a habit to read is very important. Well, the skills will hopefully jump in automatically once the strong genuine habit has been established. The best and easiest approach is, however, to make a small effort to read a piece a day you will surely succeed. Students need a variety of experiences in writing, speaking, and listening. In scho- ol and in life, students face a diversity of circumstances that require language skills. For this reason, experience with a variety of reading, writing, and speaking activities in school can help learners acquire the skills they need to be successful. Students improve their formal speech when teachers provide insights on how to organize their ideas for presentation. They need practice in organizing their speech around problems and solutions, causes and results, and similarities and differences. After deciding about the best means of organization, they can practice speeches with another student or with the whole class. Teachers can also help students adapt their speeches and informal talks so as to correspond to the intended audience, the information to be communicated, and the circumstances of the occasion at which they will speak. Teachers can enable learners to present ideas to individual peers, peer groups, and entire classes of students. They can learn to speak on a subject of their own choosing or on teacher-assigned topics. Preparing for debates and par-ticipating in them help students to see both sides of various issues. Students may enjoy speaking about their personal experiences. When given this opportunity, they can benefit from instruction in the elements of good storytelling. Both teachers and students can provide suggestions for students’ speeches. In constructively critici-zing others, learners can learn to apply criteria for good speech and employ tactful social skills. In doing so, they can increase and improve their own speaking skills. Children, adolescents, and adults sometimes fear the challenge of sustained, for- mal speaking before large groups. Teachers can help reduce unrealistic fears by po-inting out how common they are among people and what to do about them. They can also help to reduce such fears by maintaining a friendly atmosphere in the class and providing opportunities for students to practice alone or with one other stu-dent and then before increasingly larger groups. Thus, students can practice spea-king in front of their peers who face the same situation. Students can practice pre-senting information, answering questions, and holding group discussions. Frequent classroom presentations and discussions enable teachers to diagnose and remedy problems. Students are less likely to be fearful and anxious and more likely to do well if they are well-prepared. Preparedness can be enhanced by in-depth mastery of the subject matter, appropriate organization, and rehearsing the presentation. Listening skills are essential for learning since they enable students to acquire insights and information, and to achieve success in communicating with others. Life within and outside school affords many listening opportunities, but some students fail to seize them because they let their minds wander or they may concentrate on what they want to say themselves rather than on what a speaker is saying. Global dunyoda ilm-fan va ta‘limdagi innovatsion rivojlanishning zamonaviy trendlari 15 dekabr, 2022 yil. 262 Students listening skills may be enhanced and tested by asking them questions about what they have heard. They may be given practice in note-taking and could be asked questions about the facts and inferences that may be made from their notes. They can be taught to recognize the difference between the main points and incidental or less relevant ideas and information. Learners can also benefit from practice in recognizing the purpose of presentations and other information they hear. It can be useful if they are taught to set goals for what they want to learn from a presentation and to monitor how well they accomplish their goals. Students can be taught to listen selectively for specific kinds of information, such as the main purpose, the themes, the details, and any implications. They can even be tested for their ability to identify essential information in the presence of irrelevant material and distractions, as is the case in much of adult life. Writing is the final product of several separate acts that are hugely challenging to learn simultaneously. Teachers may present general guidelines for all writing, but specific types of writing, such as poems and essays, may require specific lessons. Students can benefit from practice at writing about the results of their own resear-ch, as well as expressing their own feelings and experiences. The writing strategies involved in each form usually require explicit teaching, frequent practice, and information given to students about their progress. Thus, parents may be able to supply their children with magazines, books, and other sti-mulating materials, as well as provide them with interesting experiences for joint discussion. Similarly, teachers may not only conduct skillful lessons but also stimu-late all students to become better writers and identify talented writers for special encouragement and lessons. Students may need to read good–even great–literature, that can serve as a mo- del for their own efforts to become better writers. Hearing and reading about the lives of great men and women writers and how they developed their talents may stimulate them. Direct contact with professional writers, such as novelists and news reporters, maybe inspirational. Inquiry and discovery also inspire great writing. Ha-ving topics that a person cares deeply about, as a consequence of personal interest and investigation, may prove decisive for fine writing and even lead to a life devo-ted to writing. Four skills activities in the language classroom serve many valuable purposes: they give learners scaffolded support, opportunities to create, contexts in which to use the language for exchanges of real information, evidence of their own ability (proof of learning), and, most importantly, confidence. References: 1. The Importance of Four Skills Reading, Speaking, Writing, Listening in a Lesson Hour. PhD Cand. Lorena Manaj Sadiku, Aleksander Xhuvani University Elbasan Al-bania 2. International bureau of education: Teaching speaking, listening and writing By Trudy Wallace, Winifred E. Stariha and Herbert J. Walberg. http://www.curtin.edu.au/curtin/dept/smec/iae.
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