부산대학교 도서관

Cooper CB; Paine R; Curtis JL; Kanner RE; Martinez CH; Meldrum CA; Bowler R; O'Neal W; Hoffman EA; Couper D; Quibrera M; Criner G; Dransfield MT; Han MK; Hansel NN; Krishnan JA; Lazarus SC; Peters SP; Barr RG; Martinez FJ; Woodruff PG

International Journal of COPD, Vol Volume 15, Pp 1887-1898 (2020)

Woodruff PG; Lazarus SC; Han MK; Martinez FJ; Curtis JL; Connett J; Albert RK

International Journal of COPD, Vol 2012, Iss default, Pp 767-777 (2012)

LaFon DC; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham.; UAB Lung Health Center, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham.; Helgeson ES; Division of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.; Lindberg S; Division of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.; Voelker H; Division of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.; Bhatt SP; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham.; UAB Lung Health Center, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham.; Casaburi R; Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California.; Cassady SJ; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore.; Connett J; Division of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.; Criner GJ; Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.; Hatipoglu U; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.; Kaminsky DA; Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington.; Kunisaki KM; Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota.; Lazarus SC; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco.; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco.; McEvoy CE; Health Partners Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota.; Reed RM; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore.; Sciurba FC; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.; Stringer W; Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California.; Dransfield MT; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham.; UAB Lung Health Center, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham.; Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama.

Publisher: American Medical Association Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101729235 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2574-3805 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 25743805 NLM ISO Abbreviation: JAMA Netw Open Subsets: MEDLINE

Covar R; Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo. Electronic address: covarr@njhealth.org.; Lazarus SC; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Calif.; Krishnan JA; Departments of Medicine and Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Ill.; Blake KV; Center for Pharmacogenomics and Translational Research, Nemours Children's Health, Jacksonville, Fla.; Sorkness CA; Department of Medicine and School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.; Dyer AM; Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pa.; Lang JE; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.; Lugogo NL; Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.; Mauger DT; Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pa.; Wechsler ME; Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo.; Wenzel SE; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Cardet JC; Department of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla.; Castro M; Department of Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kan.; Israel E; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass.; Phipatanakul W; Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass.; King TS; Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pa.

Publisher: Elsevier Inc Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101597220 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2213-2201 (Electronic) NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract Subsets: MEDLINE

Israel E; Chinchilli VM; Ford JG; Boushey HA; Cherniack R; Craig TJ; Deykin A; Fagan JK; Fahy JV; Fish J; Kraft M; Kunselman SJ; Lazarus SC; Lemanske RF Jr.; Liggett SB; Martin RJ; Mitra N; Peters SP; Silverman E; Sorkness CA

Lancet. 10/23/2004, Vol. 364 Issue 9444, p1505-1512. 8p.

McKleroy W; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.; Now with Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California.; Shing T; Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.; Anderson WH; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.; Arjomandi M; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California.; Awan HA; Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City.; Barjaktarevic I; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.; Barr RG; Divisions of General Medicine and Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.; Bleecker ER; Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson.; Division of Pharmacogenomics, Center for Applied Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson.; Boscardin J; Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.; Bowler RP; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.; Buhr RG; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.; Criner GJ; Division of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.; Comellas AP; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City.; Curtis JL; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.; Medical Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan.; Dransfield M; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham.; Doerschuk CM; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.; Dolezal BA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.; Drummond MB; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.; Han MK; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.; Hansel NN; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.; Helton K; Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.; Hoffman EA; Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City.; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City.; Department of Radiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City.; Kaner RJ; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.; Kanner RE; Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.; Krishnan JA; Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois, Chicago.; Lazarus SC; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco.; Martinez FJ; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.; Ohar J; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.; Ortega VE; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona.; Paine R 3rd; Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.; Peters SP; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.; Reinhardt JM; Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City.; Rennard S; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska, Omaha.; Smith BM; Divisions of General Medicine and Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.; Tashkin DP; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.; Couper D; Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.; Cooper CB; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.; Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles.; Woodruff PG; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco.; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco.

Publisher: American Medical Association Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7501160 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1538-3598 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00987484 NLM ISO Abbreviation: JAMA Subsets: MEDLINE

Mohan A; Lugogo NL; Hanania NA; Reddel HK; Akuthota P; O'Byrne PM; Guilbert T; Papi A; Price D; Jenkins CR; Kraft M; Bacharier LB; Boulet LP; Yawn BP; Pleasants R; Lazarus SC; Beasley R; Gauvreau G; Israel E; Schneider-Futschik EK; Yorgancioglu A; Martinez F; Moore W; Sumino K

Publisher: American Thoracic Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9421642 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1535-4970 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1073449X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Subsets: MEDLINE

Wise RA; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.; Holbrook JT; Center for Clinical Trials and Evidence Synthesis, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.; Brown RH; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.; Criner GJ; Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.; Dransfield MT; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.; He J; Center for Clinical Trials and Evidence Synthesis, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.; Henderson RJ; Center for Clinical Trials and Evidence Synthesis, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.; Kaminsky DA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.; Kaner RJ; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Weill Cornell School of Medicine, New York, New York.; Lazarus SC; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.; Make BJ; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and.; McCormack MC; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.; Neptune ER; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.; Que LG; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.

Publisher: American Thoracic Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9421642 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1535-4970 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1073449X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Subsets: MEDLINE

Parekh TM; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.; Helgeson ES; University of Minnesota Academic Health Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota.; Connett J; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.; Voelker H; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.; Ling SX; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.; Lazarus SC; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.; Bhatt SP; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.; MacDonald DM; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.; Mkorombindo T; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.; Kunisaki KM; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.; Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota.; Fortis S; University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa; and.; Kaminsky D; University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont.; Dransfield MT; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.

Publisher: American Thoracic Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101600811 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2325-6621 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 23256621 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ann Am Thorac Soc Subsets: MEDLINE

Han MK; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.; Ye W; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.; Wang D; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.; White E; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.; Arjomandi M; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.; Barjaktarevic IZ; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.; Brown SA; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.; Buhr RG; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.; Comellas AP; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.; Cooper CB; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.; Criner GJ; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.; Dransfield MT; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.; Drescher F; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.; Folz RJ; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.; Hansel NN; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.; Kalhan R; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.; Kaner RJ; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.; Kanner RE; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.; Krishnan JA; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.; Lazarus SC; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.; Maddipati V; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.; Martinez FJ; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.; Mathews A; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.; Meldrum C; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.; McEvoy C; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.; Nyunoya T; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.; Rogers L; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.; Stringer WW; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.; Wendt CH; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.; Wise RA; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.; Wisniewski SR; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.; Sciurba FC; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.; Woodruff PG; From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care (M.K.H., C. Meldrum) and the School of Public Health (W.Y., D.W., E.W.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine (M.A., S.C.L., P.G.W.) and the Cardiovascular Research Institute (S.C.L., P.G.W.), University of California San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System (M.A.) - both in San Francisco; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (I.Z.B., R.G.B., C.B.C.), and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center (W.W.S.) - both in Los Angeles; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore (S.-A.B., N.N.H., R.A.W.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (A.P.C.); the Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (M.T.D.); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Medical Center, White River Junction, VT (F.D.); the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Medicine Associates, Houston (R.J.F.); the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (R.K.), and the Breathe Chicago Center, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago (J.A.K.) - both in Chicago; the Department of Genetic Medicine (R.J.K.) and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine (R.J.K., F.J.M.), Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (L.R.) - both in New York; the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.E.K.); East Carolina University, Greenville (V.M.), and Duke University School of Medicine, Durham (A.M.) - both in North Carolina; HealthPartners Institute, Bloomington (C. McEvoy), and Minneapolis VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis (C.H.W.) - both in Minnesota; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (T.N., F.C.S.) and Epidemiology Data Center (S.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.

Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0255562 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1533-4406 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00284793 NLM ISO Abbreviation: N Engl J Med Subsets: MEDLINE