학술논문
초기 비프(BIFF)의 성공 요인 고찰 : ‘시네필’, ‘부산’, ‘지정학’을 중심으로
A Study on the Success Factors of the Early BIFF : Focusing on Cinephile, Busan, and Geopolitics
A Study on the Success Factors of the Early BIFF : Focusing on Cinephile, Busan, and Geopolitics
Document Type
Article
Author
Source
아시아영화연구 / Cinema. Mar 31, 2022 15(1):267
Subject
Language
Korean
ISSN
2005-5641
Abstract
이 글은 출범과 동시에 빠르게 세계적인 영화제의 반열에 올랐던 비프의 성공 요인들을 고찰하기 위한 것이다. 이를 통해 동아시아의 가장 성공적인 문화적 프로젝트에 대해 보다 깊은 이해에 도달하고자 한다. 여러 가지 요인들이 작용한 결과였지만 그중 특히 세 가지, 즉 관객, 부산, 지정학에 주목할 것이다. 비프의 성공은 무엇보다도 영화에 대한 열정과 감식안을 겸비했던 20대 시네필 관객에 의해 추동된 바 크다. 그들은 자유주의와 대중문화 붐의 1990년대에 20대를 보낸 세대이다. 여러 도시의 대안적인 영화 상영 공간들에서 훈련된 시네필의 아비투스가 비프를 만나 폭발했다. 비프의 성공을 가능케 했던 또 하나의 요인은 부산이라는 장소다. 부산이라는 사물이 영화제와 만나 잠재적 역량을 실현했던 것인데, 한편으로는 누적된 역사적 경험들이 공진하며, 다른 한편으로는 파도, 바람, 암석과 같은 자연적 조건이 유동적인 감각적 경험을 산출함으로써 비프의 부산은 그 자체로 거대한 헤테로-스케이프가 되었다. 지정학적 조건과 그 속에서 움직인 다양한 정치적 행위자들 또한 중요하다. 탈냉전과 함께 동아시아 내의 교류가 증진되었고, 한국영화 진흥을 위한 정책 드라이브가 강화되고 있었으며, 부산의 지방정부는 도시산업의 재구조화를 시도하고 있었다. 이러한 최적의 지정학적 조건 속에서 비프의 성공이 가능했다. 출범 후 26년이 지난 현재의 시점에 이러한 조건들은 예전과 같지 않다. 청년들은 나이 들었고 영화는 더 이상 문화의 중심에 있지 않다. 센텀지구로 영화제를 이전하면서 특유의 장소성의 역량도 다소 약화되었다. 신냉전으로 불리는 동아시아의 긴장 강화는 1990년대와는 전혀 다른 지정학적 상황을 조성하고 있다. 비프를 둘러싼 조건은 근본적으로 변화하고 있다. 이는 치명적 위기일까, 아니면 새로운 기회일까?
This paper is intended to rethink the factors of the success in early BIFF, which quickly rose to the ranks of the global film festival. It was the result of various factors, but three of them should be paid particular attention: audiences, Busan, and geopolitics. BIFF’s success was, above all, driven by the cinephile in their 20s who were equiped with both of passion and taste for films. They are the generation who spent their twenties in the 1990s of liberalism and popular culture boom. Cinephile’s habitus, trained in art houses met Biff and exploded. Another factor is the place itself of Busan. It met with BIFF to realize its potential capabilities. While accumulated historical experiences resonated, and waves, wind, and rocks produced fluid sensory experiences, Biff’s Busan became a huge hetero-scape. Geopolitical conditions and the various political actors that performed in them are also important. With the post-Cold War, various relations in East Asia began to be created, national policies were being made for Korean films’ development, and local governments in Busan were attempting to restructure the urban industry. BIFF’s success was possible under these geopolitical conditions. But now, 26 years after, the conditions are not the same as before. Young people in the past are now old and movies are no longer at the center of mass culture. As BIFF moved to the Centum district, the previous capacity of Busan has been greatly weakened. The current strengthening of tensions in East Asia, called the New Cold War, is offering a completely different geopolitical condition from the 1990s. The conditions surrounding BIFF are changing rapidly and fundamentally. Is this a fatal crisis or a new opportunity?
This paper is intended to rethink the factors of the success in early BIFF, which quickly rose to the ranks of the global film festival. It was the result of various factors, but three of them should be paid particular attention: audiences, Busan, and geopolitics. BIFF’s success was, above all, driven by the cinephile in their 20s who were equiped with both of passion and taste for films. They are the generation who spent their twenties in the 1990s of liberalism and popular culture boom. Cinephile’s habitus, trained in art houses met Biff and exploded. Another factor is the place itself of Busan. It met with BIFF to realize its potential capabilities. While accumulated historical experiences resonated, and waves, wind, and rocks produced fluid sensory experiences, Biff’s Busan became a huge hetero-scape. Geopolitical conditions and the various political actors that performed in them are also important. With the post-Cold War, various relations in East Asia began to be created, national policies were being made for Korean films’ development, and local governments in Busan were attempting to restructure the urban industry. BIFF’s success was possible under these geopolitical conditions. But now, 26 years after, the conditions are not the same as before. Young people in the past are now old and movies are no longer at the center of mass culture. As BIFF moved to the Centum district, the previous capacity of Busan has been greatly weakened. The current strengthening of tensions in East Asia, called the New Cold War, is offering a completely different geopolitical condition from the 1990s. The conditions surrounding BIFF are changing rapidly and fundamentally. Is this a fatal crisis or a new opportunity?