학술논문
Engineering new limits to magnetostriction through metastability in iron-gallium alloys.
Document Type
article
Author
Meisenheimer, PB; Steinhardt, RA; Sung, SH; Williams, LD; Zhuang, S; Nowakowski, ME; Novakov, S; Torunbalci, MM; Prasad, B; Zollner, CJ; Wang, Z; Dawley, NM; Schubert, J; Hunter, AH; Manipatruni, S; Nikonov, DE; Young, IA; Chen, LQ; Bokor, J; Bhave, SA; Ramesh, R; Hu, J-M; Kioupakis, E; Hovden, R; Schlom, DG; Heron, JT
Source
Nature communications. 12(1)
Subject
Language
Abstract
Magnetostrictive materials transduce magnetic and mechanical energies and when combined with piezoelectric elements, evoke magnetoelectric transduction for high-sensitivity magnetic field sensors and energy-efficient beyond-CMOS technologies. The dearth of ductile, rare-earth-free materials with high magnetostrictive coefficients motivates the discovery of superior materials. Fe1-xGax alloys are amongst the highest performing rare-earth-free magnetostrictive materials; however, magnetostriction becomes sharply suppressed beyond x = 19% due to the formation of a parasitic ordered intermetallic phase. Here, we harness epitaxy to extend the stability of the BCC Fe1-xGax alloy to gallium compositions as high as x = 30% and in so doing dramatically boost the magnetostriction by as much as 10x relative to the bulk and 2x larger than canonical rare-earth based magnetostrictors. A Fe1-xGax - [Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]0.7-[PbTiO3]0.3 (PMN-PT) composite magnetoelectric shows robust 90° electrical switching of magnetic anisotropy and a converse magnetoelectric coefficient of 2.0 × 10-5 s m-1. When optimally scaled, this high coefficient implies stable switching at ~80 aJ per bit.