학술논문

Burning plasma achieved in inertial fusion.
Document Type
Academic Journal
Author
Zylstra AB; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA. zylstra1@llnl.gov.; Hurricane OA; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA. hurricane1@llnl.gov.; Callahan DA; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Kritcher AL; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Ralph JE; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Robey HF; Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.; Ross JS; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Young CV; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Baker KL; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Casey DT; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Döppner T; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Divol L; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Hohenberger M; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Le Pape S; Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des Lasers Intenses chez École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France.; Pak A; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Patel PK; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Tommasini R; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Ali SJ; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Amendt PA; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Atherton LJ; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Bachmann B; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Bailey D; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Benedetti LR; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Berzak Hopkins L; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Betti R; Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.; Bhandarkar SD; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Biener J; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Bionta RM; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Birge NW; Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.; Bond EJ; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Bradley DK; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Braun T; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Briggs TM; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Bruhn MW; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Celliers PM; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Chang B; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Chapman T; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Chen H; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Choate C; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Christopherson AR; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Clark DS; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Crippen JW; General Atomics, San Diego, CA, USA.; Dewald EL; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Dittrich TR; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Edwards MJ; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Farmer WA; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Field JE; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Fittinghoff D; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Frenje J; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Gaffney J; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Gatu Johnson M; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Glenzer SH; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.; Grim GP; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Haan S; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Hahn KD; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Hall GN; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Hammel BA; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Harte J; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Hartouni E; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Heebner JE; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Hernandez VJ; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Herrmann H; Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.; Herrmann MC; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Hinkel DE; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Ho DD; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Holder JP; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Hsing WW; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Huang H; General Atomics, San Diego, CA, USA.; Humbird KD; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Izumi N; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Jarrott LC; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Jeet J; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Jones O; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Kerbel GD; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Kerr SM; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Khan SF; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Kilkenny J; General Atomics, San Diego, CA, USA.; Kim Y; Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.; Geppert Kleinrath H; Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.; Geppert Kleinrath V; Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.; Kong C; General Atomics, San Diego, CA, USA.; Koning JM; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Kroll JJ; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Kruse MKG; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Kustowski B; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Landen OL; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Langer S; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Larson D; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Lemos NC; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Lindl JD; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Ma T; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; MacDonald MJ; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; MacGowan BJ; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Mackinnon AJ; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; MacLaren SA; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; MacPhee AG; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Marinak MM; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Mariscal DA; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Marley EV; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Masse L; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Meaney K; Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.; Meezan NB; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Michel PA; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Millot M; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Milovich JL; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Moody JD; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Moore AS; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Morton JW; Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, UK.; Murphy T; Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.; Newman K; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Di Nicola JG; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Nikroo A; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Nora R; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Patel MV; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Pelz LJ; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Peterson JL; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Ping Y; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Pollock BB; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Ratledge M; General Atomics, San Diego, CA, USA.; Rice NG; General Atomics, San Diego, CA, USA.; Rinderknecht H; Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.; Rosen M; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Rubery MS; Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, UK.; Salmonson JD; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Sater J; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Schiaffino S; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Schlossberg DJ; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Schneider MB; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Schroeder CR; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Scott HA; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Sepke SM; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Sequoia K; General Atomics, San Diego, CA, USA.; Sherlock MW; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Shin S; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Smalyuk VA; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Spears BK; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Springer PT; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Stadermann M; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Stoupin S; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Strozzi DJ; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Suter LJ; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Thomas CA; Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.; Town RPJ; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Tubman ER; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Trosseille C; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Volegov PL; Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.; Weber CR; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Widmann K; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Wild C; Diamond Materials, Freiburg, Germany.; Wilde CH; Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.; Van Wonterghem BM; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Woods DT; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Woodworth BN; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Yamaguchi M; General Atomics, San Diego, CA, USA.; Yang ST; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; Zimmerman GB; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.
Source
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0410462 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1476-4687 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00280836 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nature Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE; MEDLINE
Subject
Language
English
Abstract
Obtaining a burning plasma is a critical step towards self-sustaining fusion energy 1 . A burning plasma is one in which the fusion reactions themselves are the primary source of heating in the plasma, which is necessary to sustain and propagate the burn, enabling high energy gain. After decades of fusion research, here we achieve a burning-plasma state in the laboratory. These experiments were conducted at the US National Ignition Facility, a laser facility delivering up to 1.9 megajoules of energy in pulses with peak powers up to 500 terawatts. We use the lasers to generate X-rays in a radiation cavity to indirectly drive a fuel-containing capsule via the X-ray ablation pressure, which results in the implosion process compressing and heating the fuel via mechanical work. The burning-plasma state was created using a strategy to increase the spatial scale of the capsule 2,3 through two different implosion concepts 4-7 . These experiments show fusion self-heating in excess of the mechanical work injected into the implosions, satisfying several burning-plasma metrics 3,8 . Additionally, we describe a subset of experiments that appear to have crossed the static self-heating boundary, where fusion heating surpasses the energy losses from radiation and conduction. These results provide an opportunity to study α-particle-dominated plasmas and burning-plasma physics in the laboratory.
(© 2022. The Author(s).)