학술논문
Machine learning classification of conduct disorder with high versus low levels of callous-unemotional traits based on facial emotion recognition abilities.
Document Type
Article
Author
Pauli, Ruth; Kohls, Gregor; Tino, Peter; Rogers, Jack C.; Baumann, Sarah; Ackermann, Katharina; Bernhard, Anka; Martinelli, Anne; Jansen, Lucres; Oldenhof, Helena; Gonzalez-Madruga, Karen; Smaragdi, Areti; Gonzalez-Torres, Miguel Angel; Kerexeta-Lizeaga, Iñaki; Boonmann, Cyril; Kersten, Linda; Bigorra, Aitana; Hervas, Amaia; Stadler, Christina; Fernandez-Rivas, Aranzazu
Source
Subject
*STATISTICS
*MACHINE learning
*FACE perception
*FEAR
*BEHAVIOR disorders in children
*DESCRIPTIVE statistics
*RESEARCH funding
*EMOTIONS
*SADNESS
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Language
ISSN
1018-8827
Abstract
Conduct disorder (CD) with high levels of callous-unemotional traits (CD/HCU) has been theoretically linked to specific difficulties with fear and sadness recognition, in contrast to CD with low levels of callous-unemotional traits (CD/LCU). However, experimental evidence for this distinction is mixed, and it is unclear whether these difficulties are a reliable marker of CD/HCU compared to CD/LCU. In a large sample (N = 1263, 9–18 years), we combined univariate analyses and machine learning classifiers to investigate whether CD/HCU is associated with disproportionate difficulties with fear and sadness recognition over other emotions, and whether such difficulties are a reliable individual-level marker of CD/HCU. We observed similar emotion recognition abilities in CD/HCU and CD/LCU. The CD/HCU group underperformed relative to typically developing (TD) youths, but difficulties were not specific to fear or sadness. Classifiers did not distinguish between youths with CD/HCU versus CD/LCU (52% accuracy), although youths with CD/HCU and CD/LCU were reliably distinguished from TD youths (64% and 60%, respectively). In the subset of classifiers that performed well for youths with CD/HCU, fear and sadness were the most relevant emotions for distinguishing them from youths with CD/LCU and TD youths, respectively. We conclude that non-specific emotion recognition difficulties are common in CD/HCU, but are not reliable individual-level markers of CD/HCU versus CD/LCU. These findings highlight that a reduced ability to recognise facial expressions of distress should not be assumed to be a core feature of CD/HCU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]